†Gen. 5:44-"And thus the gospel began to be preached from the beginning, being declared by holy angels, sent forth from the presence of God; and by his own voice, and by the gift of the Holy Ghost."

THE TRUE FOUNDATION

Deut. 32:3, 4, 31-"I will publish the name of the Lord; . . . . He is the Rock, his work is perfect. . . For their rock is not as our Rock."

*Ps. 11:3-"But the foundations of the wicked shall be destroyed, and what can they do?"

*Ps. 40:2-"He brought me up also out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay, and set my feet upon a rock, and established my doings."

Ps. 82: 5-"They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course."

Isa. 28:16-"Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation."

Ezek. 13:14-"So will I break down the wall that ye have daubed with untempered mortar, and bring it down to the ground,. so that the foundation thereof shall be discovered, and it shall fall."

*Matt. 7:34-"Whosoever heareth these sayings of mine and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man, who built his house upon a rock, and the rains descended, and the floods came, and the winds blew, and beat upon that house, and it fell not; for it was founded upon a rock" (24, 25).

Matt. 21:44-"Jesus said unto them Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner?" (42).

1 Cor. 3:11-13-"For other foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which is Jesus Christ. Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stuble; Every man's work shall be made manifest; for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire."

Eph. 2:20-22-"And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone; in whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord; in whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit."

2 Tim. 2:19-"The foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, The Lord knoweth them that are his."

Heb. 11:10-"For he looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God."

2 Sam. 22:2, 3; Ps 18:2; 61:2; 118:22; Matt. 16:19; *Luke 6:47, 48; *14:27-31; Acts 4:10-12; Rom. 9:33; I Cor. 10:4; Heb. 11:10; *I Pet. 2:6-8; Rev. 21:14, 19.

Jacob 3:26, 27-"By the stumbling of the Jews, they will reject the stone upon which they might build, and have safe foundation. But behold, according to the scriptures, this stone shall become the great, and the last, and the only sure foundation, upon which the Jews can build."

Helaman 2:74, 75-"It is upon the rock of our Redeemer, who is Christ, the Son of God, that ye must build your foundation, that when the devil shall send forth his mighty winds; yea, his shafts in the whirlwind; yea, when all his hail and his mighty storm shall beat upon you, it shall have no power over you, to drag you down to the gulf of misery and endless woe, because of the rock upon which ye are built, which is a sure foundation, a foundation whereon if men build, they can not fall."

2 Nephi 11:93.

MAN'S NEED OF THE GOSPEL OF CHRIST

John 15:6-"If a man abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; and men gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned."

Rom. 11:22-"Behold therefore the goodness and severity of God; on them which fell, severity; but toward thee, goodness, if thou continue in his goodness; otherwise thou also shalt be cut off."

Col. 1:23-"If ye continue in the faith grounded and settled, and be not moved away from the hope of the gospel, which ye have heard."

Jude 3-"Exhort you that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the Saints."

Phil. 1:27; 2 Tim. 1:13; Heb. 6:12.

OBEDIENCE TO CHRIST REQUIRED

Deut. 18:18, 19-"I will raise them up a Prophet . . . and will put my words in his mouth; . . . whosoever will not hearken unto my words which he shall speak in my name, I will require it of him."

I Sam. 15:22, 23-"Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams. For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and subbornness is as iniquity and idolatry."

Isa. 55:4-"Behold, I have given him for a witness to the people, a leader and commander to the people."

*Matt. 7:35-"Every one that heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them not, shall be likened unto a foolish man, who built his house upon the sand" (26).

Mark 8:41-"Whosoever shall be ashamed of me and of my words, . . .of him also shall the Son of man be ashamed, when he cometh in the glory of his Father with the holy angels" (38).

John 12:48-"He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day."

John 14:21-"He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that loveth me."

2 Cor. 10:5, 6-"Bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ; and having in a readiness to revenge all disobedience."

2 Thess. 1:7, 8-"The Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels, in flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ."

Heb. 5:8, 9-"Though he were a Son yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered; and being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him."

James 1:21, 22-"Receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls. But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving your own selves."

I Pet. 1:22-"Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth."

I Pet. 4:17-"Judgment must begin at the house of God; and if it first begin at us, what shall the end be of them that obey not the gospel of God?"

Rev. 22:14-"Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life."

*Matt. 7:30; 28:19; John 15:10; Acts 5:29, 32; Rom. 2:8; 6:16; 2 Cor. 2:9; 2 Thess 3:14; *James 2:25.

3 Nephi 7:2-"Therefore whoso remembereth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, him will I raise up at the last day."

D. and C. 86:3; 102:2.

NATURE AND POWER OF THE GOSPEL

*Luke 2:10, 14-"But the angel said unto them, Fear not, for behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. . . . Glory to God in the highest; and on earth, peace; good will to men."

*Rom. 1:16, 17-"For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ; for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek. For therein is the righteousness of God revealed through faith on his name."

I Cor. 1:21, 24-"For after that in the wisdom of God the world by wisdom knew not God, it pleased God by the foolishness of preaching to save them that believe. . . But unto them who believe, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God, and the wisdom of God."

I Cor. 15:1, 2-"Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel . . .wherein ye stand; by which also ye are saved."

I Thess. 1:5-"For our gospel came not unto you in word only, but also in power, and in the Holy Ghost, and in much assurance."

*Titus 2:11, 12-"For the grace of God which bringeth salvation to all men, hath appeared; teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly, in this present world."

I Cor. 1:18-24; 2 Tim. 1:8-10.

ITS UNCHANGEABILITY

Gal. 1:8-"But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed."

I Pet. 1:25-"But the word of the Lord endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you."

*Matt. 24:32; Acts 4:12; Rev. 14:6.

2 Nephi 1:72-93; 13:31; Mosiah 2:12.

DOCTRINE OF CHRIST NECESSARY

John 7:16, 17-"Jesus answered them, and said, My doctrine is not mine, but his that sent me. If any man will do his will, he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself."

2 John 9-"Whosoever transgresseth, and abideth not in the doctrine of Christ, hath not God. He that abideth in the doctrine of Christ, he hath both the Father and the Son."

*Rom. 6:17-"But God be thanked, that ye are not the servants of sin, for ye have obeyed from the heart that form of doctrine which was delivered you."

I Tim. 4:16-"Take heed unto thyself, and unto the doctrine; continue in them; for in doing this thou shalt both save thyself, and them that hear thee."

2 Tim. 3:14-"But continue thou in the things which thou hast learned and hast been assured of, knowing of whom thou hast learned them."

Isa. 28:9, 10; *Matt. 15:8; I Cor. 1:10; I Tim. 1:3; 4:6; 5:17; 6:3; 2 Tim. 1:13; 2:2; Titus 1:9; *1 John 2:24.

2 Nephi 13:32-"And now behold, this is the doctrine of Christ, and the only and true doctrine of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, which is one God, without end."

GOSPEL, DEFINED AND EXPLAINED

In the Standard Bible Dictionary of 1909, Gospel is defined as "'good tidings'"; AS, godspel; OHG, gotspel-'God-story': The N T term for the contents of the message given by Jesus Christ to the world."-Article "Gospel," page 301.

The Popular and Critical Bible Cyclopædia informs us:

"In Homer, in the sing, and in the Attic Gr., in the pl., it signified a reward or a thank-offering for good tidings. In later Greek (Plutarch, in the pl., Lucian in the sing.) it signified also the good tidings itself. In LXX, II Sam. iv: 10, the Attic meaning and the plural occur. Hastings Bible Dictionary)"-Article "Gospel" page 728.

Buck's Theological Dictionary offers the explanation:

GOSPEL, the revelation of the grace of God to fallen man through a mediator. It is taken also for the history of the life, actions, death, resurrection, ascension, and doctrine of Jesus Christ. The word is Saxon, and of the same import with the Latin evangelium, which signifies glad tidings or good news."-Article "Gospel," Page 201.

Barnes' Notes on the Gospels explains the term "gospel of the kingdom" to be:

"The gospel of the kingdom. The good news respecting the kingdom he was about to set up; or the good news respecting the coming of the Messiah and the nature of his kingdom."-Volume 1, "Note on Matthew 4:23."

Smith's Dictionary of the Bible states:

"The name Gospel (from god and spell, Angl. Sax. good message or news, which is a translation of the Greek euaggelion) is applied to the four inspired histories of the life and teaching of Christ obtained in the New Testament."-Article "Gospels," page 218.

McClintock and Strong's Cyclopaedia says of the term "gospel:"

"It is a term used to denote, 1. The annunciation of the kingdom of the Messiah, as ushered in by the coming and life of Christ; 2. The Gospel scheme "or plan of salvation thus inaugurated, especially in its promulgations." -Article "Gospels."

The People's Dictionary of the Bible, Second Edition, defines the word "Gospel":

"Gospel. From the Anglo-Saxon God-spell, 'good tidings,' is the English translation of the Greek euaggelion, which signifies 'good' or 'glad tidings' (Luke 2:10; Acts 13:32). The same word in the original is rendered in Rom. 10:15 by the two equivalents 'gospel' and 'glad tidings.' The term refers to the good news of the new dispensation of redemption ushered in by the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ."-Article "Gospel," page 99.

SALVATION

THE MEANS

Lam. 3:26-"It is good that a man should both hope and quietly wait for the salvation of the Lord."

*Luke 1:76-"To give knowledge of salvation unto his people, by baptism for the remission of their sins" (77).

Acts 4:12-"Neither is there salvation in any other; for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved."

Rom. 1:16-"For I am not ashamed of the gospel of Christ; for it is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the Greek."

2 Cor. 7:10-"For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of; but the sorrow of the world worketh death."

*I Tim. 2:4-"Who is willing to have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth which is in Christ Jesus."

I Tim. 4:10-"For therefore we both labour and suffer reproach, because we trust in the living God, who is the Saviour of all men, specially of those that believe."

2 Tim. 3:15-"And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus."

Heb. 7:24-"Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them" (25).

Rev. 12:9-"And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ" (10).

*Ps. 14:7; John 7:37, 38; Acts 13:47; 28:28; Rom. 10:9; 11:11; Eph. 1:13; I Thess. 5:9; Heb. 2:3, 4; *9:28; *I Pet. 1:5, 9; 2 Pet. 3:15.

HOPE OF SALVATION

Alma 14:77-"Thus they did retain a hope through faith, unto eternal salvation, relying upon the spirit of prophecy, which spake of those things to come."

Acts 24:15-"Have hope towards God."

Col. 1:5-"Hope laid up for you in heaven."

Heb. 6:19-"Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and steadfast, and which entereth into that within the veil."

Prov. 14:32; Titus 2:13; Heb. 3:6; 6:11, 18; I Pet. 1:3, 13, 21.

Rom. 8:24, 25-"For we are saved by hope; but hope that is seen is not hope; for what a man seeth, why doth he yet hope for?"

Eph. 1:18-"Hope of his calling, and riches of his glory."

Col. 1:23, 27 (The hope of the gospel).

BY GRACE

Rom. 11:5, 6-"Even so then at this present time also there is a remnant according to the election of grace. And if by grace, then is it no more of works."

* Eph. 2:8-"For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves; but it is the gift of God."

Acts 20:32; *Rom. 5:2, 15-21; Eph. 2:5; *Titus 2:11; I Pet. 3:7; Ether 2:5.

2 Nephi 7:42-"It is only in and through the grace of God that ye are saved."

SALVATION ONLY THROUGH CHRIST

Isa. 9:6-"And his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace."

Acts 4:12-"Neither is there salvation in any other; for there is none other name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved."

Phil. 2:10-"That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow of things in heaven, and things in earth, and thing's under the earth."

Rev. 19:16-"And he hath on a vesture, and on his thigh a name written, King of kings, and Lord of lords."

2 Nephi 6:81, 82-"And the keeper of the gate is the Holy One of Israel: and he employeth no servant there; and there is none other way, save it be by the gate, for he can not be deceived; for the Lord God is his name."

2 Nephi 13:31-"Now behold, my beloved brethren, this is the way; and there is none other way nor name given under heaven, whereby man can be saved in the kingdom of God."

Alma 18:11-"There is no other way nor means whereby man can be saved, only in and through Christ."

Mosiah 1:116-"And moreover, I say unto you, that there shall be no other name given, nor any other way nor means whereby salvation can come unto the children of men, only in and through the name of Christ, the Lord Omnipotent."

†Gen. 6:53, 62; Rom. 10:9; Eph. 1:13; I Thess. 5:8, 9; 2 Tim. 3:15; *Heb. 9:28; *2 Pet. 3:15.

2 Nephi 11:39, 44; Alma 8:90, 92; Helaman 4:69; Moroni 7:25.

D. and C. 16:4-"Jesus Christ is the name which is given of the Father, and there is none other name given whereby man can be saved."

D. and C. 38: 4; 42: 10; 43:6; 45:10; 77:3; 81:3; 100:1; 101:9.

JESUS THE ONLY MEDIATOR

*Gal. 3:20-"Now this mediator was not a mediator of the new covenant but there is one mediator of the new covenant, who is Christ, as it is written in the law concerning the promises made to Abraham and his seed."

I Tim. 2:5-"For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus."

Heb. 8:6-"He is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises."

*Heb. 9:15-"He is the mediator of the new covenant, that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first covenant, they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance."

Heb. 9:24-"For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us."

*Heb. 7:20; 10:19; 12:24.

D. and C. 104:9.

2 Nephi 6:81-"Behold, the way for man is narrow, but it lieth in a straight course before him, and the keeper of the gate is the Holy One of Israel; and he employeth no servant there."

*Ps. 118:22-"The stone which the builders refused has become the head stone of the corner."

Matt. 21:44-"Jesus said unto them, Did ye never read in the Scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the comer; this is the Lord's doings, and it is marvellous in our eyes?" (42).

Acts 4:11-"This is the stone which was set at naught of you builders, which is become the head of the corner."

Eph. 1:22, 23-"And hath put all things under his feet, and gave him to be the head over all things to the church, which is his body."

SACRAMENTS AND ORDINANCES

Exod. 18:20-"And thou shalt teach them ordinances and laws, and shalt show them the way wherein they must walk and the work that they must do."

D. and C. 83:3-"In the ordinances . . . the power of godliness is manifest; and without the ordinances thereof, and the authority of the priesthood, the power of godliness is not manifest unto men in the flesh; for without this no man can see the face of God, even the Father, and live."

No attempt is made here to present an explicit distinction between the sacraments and the ordinances of the gospel. In general, they are the outward acts, observances, and ceremonial customs and practices of the church which have originated in specific divine commandments and in the ministry of Christ.

It is considered inadvisable, because of the scriptural arrangement of the "Principles of the Gospel," and for other reasons, to bring all the ordinances and sacraments into a group by themselves. For the convenience of the reader they are named here, and will be found discussed in the following pages. Any one of them may be found by consulting the Index.

THE PRINCIPLES OF THE GOSPEL

*Heb. 6:1, 2-"Therefore not leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection; not laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works, and of faith toward God, of the doctrine of baptisms, of laying on of hands, and of the resurrection of the dead, and of eternal judgment."

FAITH

FAITH DEFINED

*Heb. 11:1-"Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen."

NECESSITY OF FAITH

Matt. 9:35-"Then touched he their eyes, saying, According to your faith, be it unto you" (29).

Eph. 6:16-"Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked."

Heb. 11:6-"But without faith it is impossible to please him; for he that cometh to God must believe that he is, and that he is a rewarder of them that diligently seek him."

James 1:6, 7-"But let him ask in faith, nothing wavering; for he that wavereth is like a wave of the sea driven with the wind and tossed. For let not that man think that he shall receive any thing of the Lord."

*Rom. 14:23; I Pet. 1:9; I John 5:4.

Moroni 7:24, 25-"Thus by faith, they did lay hold upon every good thing . . . men also were saved by faith in his name; and by faith, they become the sons of God."

D. and C. 63:3-"Without faith no man pleaseth God."

I Nephi 1:53-58.

OBJECTS OF FAITH

GOD

2 Chron. 20:20-"Believe in the Lord your God, so shall ye be established; believe his prophets, so shall ye prosper."

Ps. 37:3-"Trust in the Lord, and do good; so shalt thou dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be fed."

*Mark 11:24-"And Jesus spake and said unto him, Have faith in God." (22).

Ps. 4:5; 62:8; Prov. 3:5; *John 5:24; 1 Tim. 4:10; 6:17.

2 Nephi 15:4-"I cry unto my God in faith, and I know that he will hear my cry."

CHRIST

John 3:16-"For God so loved the world, that he gave his Only Begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on him should not perish; but have everlasting life."

*John 6:40-"And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life; and I will raise him up in the resurrection of the just."

John 14:l-"Let not your hearts be troubled; ye believe in God, believe also in me."

John 6:29, 47; 8:24; 11:25; 12:46; 20:31; Acts 4:12; 10:43; Heb. 12:2; I John 2:23; *5:1, 5, 13.

2 Nephi 11:26-"Until they shall be persuaded to believe in Christ, the Son of God, and in the atonement, which is infinite for all mankind."

Helaman 5:62-"And it shall come to pass that whosoever shall believe on the Son of God, the same shall have everlasting life."

2 Nephi 13:27-30 Helaman 5:59-74; Ether 5:15, 18.

D. and C. 17:6-"And we know that all men must repent and believe on the name of Jesus Christ and worship the Father in his name. . . . or they can not be saved in the kingdom of God."

D. and C. 2:6; 5:10; 10:5.

THE GOSPEL

Mark 1:12, 13-"Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God; and saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent ye, and believe the gospel" (14, 15).

Mark 16:14-16-"And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature. He that believeth and is baptized, shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned. And these signs shall follow them that believe" (15-17).

I Cor. 15:1, 2-"Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel . . .by which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain."

I Pet. 1:25-"The word of the Lord endureth for ever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you."

I Thess. 2:13; Heb. 3:12, 18, 19; 4:2, 6.

D. and C. 2:6-"And that they might believe the gospel and rely upon the merits of Jesus Christ."

THE WITNESS OF THE PROPHETS

*Matt. 5:19, 20-"Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets; I am not come to destroy, but to fulfill. For verily I say unto you, heaven and earth must pass away, but one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, until all be fulfilled" (17, 18).

John 5:40, 47-"Search the scriptures; for in them ye think ye have eternal life; and they are they which testify of me. . . . For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed me; for he wrote of me" (39, 46).

Acts 26:22-"I continue unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come."

Isa. 8:20; *Luke 16:36; 24:26; Acts 13:27; 26:27; 28:23; I Pet. 1:10, 11.

THE PROMISES OF GOD

Num. 23:19-"God is not a man, that he should lie; neither the son of man, that he should repent; hath he said, and shall he not do it? or hath he spoken, and shall he not make it good?"

Rom. 4:20, 21-"He staggered not at the promise of God through unbelief; but was strong in faith, giving glory to God; and being fully persuaded, that what he had promised, he was able also to perform"

Heb. 6:12-"That ye be not slothful, but followers of them who through faith and patience inherit the promises."

Acts 26:6; 2 Cor. 1:20; Heb. 11:13.

I Nephi 2:19-"And if it so be that we are faithful to him, we shall obtain the land of promise."

D. and C. 2:6-"That the promises of the Lord might be fulfilled, which he made to his people."

THE POWER OF FAITH

*Luke 17:6-"And the Lord said, If you had faith as a grain of mustard seed, you might say unto this sycamore tree, Be thou plucked up by the roots, and be thou planted in the sea; and it should obey you.

*Acts 3:16-"And this man, through faith in his name, hath been made strong, whom ye see and know."

Heb. 11:4, 5, 33-"By faith Abel offered unto God a more excellent sacrifice than Cain, by which he obtained witness that he was righteous. . . . By faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death. . . . . Who through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped the mouths of lions."

James 5:15-"And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him."

Matt. 17:20; 21:19, 20; *Mark 11:25; Eph. 6:16; *Heb. 11:24-39; Jas. 5:16-18; * I Pet. 1:9; I John 5:4.

Mormon 4:84-"Behold I say unto you, that whoso believeth in Christ, doubting nothing, whatsoever he shall ask the Father in the name of Christ, it shall be granted him and this promise is unto all, even unto the ends of the earth."

D. and C. 28:2-"Whatsoever ye shall ask in faith, being united in prayer according to my command, ye shall receive."

JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH

*Rom. 3:28-"Therefore we conclude that man is justified by faith alone without the deeds of the law."

Rom. 5:l-"Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ."

*Gal. 3:24-"Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster until Christ, that we might be justified by faith."

FAITH SHOWN BY WORKS

Luke 6:46-"And why call ye me Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say?"

John 14:12-"He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also."

John 14:21-"He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that loveth me."

Eph. 2:10-"We are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them."

I Tim. 2:9, 10-"That women adorn themselves in modest apparel. . . . not with braided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array; but (which becometh women professing godliness) with good works."

2 Tim. 3:16, 17-"All scripture given by inspiration of God is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness; that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works. "

Titus 1:16-"They profess that they know God; but in works they deny him, being abominable, and disobedient."

Titus 2:14-"Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works."

Titus 3:8-"This is a faithful saying, and these things I will that thou affirm constantly, that they which have believed in God might be careful to maintain good works."

James 1:25-"But whoso looketh into the perfect law of liberty, and continueth therein, he being not a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, this man shall be blessed in his deed."

*Jas. 2:14, 17-"What profit is it, my brethren for a man to say he hath faith, and hath not works? can faith save him? . . . . Even so faith, if it have not works is dead, being alone."

Matt. 7:34, 35; *Luke 8:21; *11:29; John 15:14; *Rom. 4:16; *Jas. 2:25; Rev. 14:12.

I Thess. 5:8-"But let us, who are of the day, be sober, putting on the breastplate of faith and love; and for an helmet, the hope of salvation."

Ps. 31:24; 33:18; 42:5; 71:5; 146:5; Joel 3:16; Rom. 12:12 (Rejoicing in hope).

2 Thess. 2:16; I John 3:3.

D. and C. 4:l-"Faith, hope, charity, and love, with an eye single to the glory of God, qualifies him for the work."

D. and C. 6:8-"Be patient; be sober; be temperate; have patience faith, hope, and charity."

D. and C. 11:4-"No one can assist in this work except he shall be humble and full of love, having faith, hope, and charity, being temperate in all things."

D. and C. 16 4-"And if you have not faith, hope, and charity, you can do nothing."

REPENTANCE

NECESSITY

†Gen. 5:1, 2-"And the Lord God called upon men, by the Holy Ghost, everywhere, and commanded them that they should repent; and as many as believed in the Son, and repented of their sins, should be saved. And as many as believed not, and repented not, should be damned."

Matt. 4:16-"From that time, Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand" (17).

Mark 1:13-"The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent ye, and believe the gospel" (15).

*Luke 13:3-"I tell you, nay; but except you repent, you shall all likewise perish."

Luke 24:46-"And that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem" (47).

†Gen. 6:27-30, 59; †7:12; †8:8; Matt. 3:28; 9:14; Acts 2:38; 17:30; 20:21.

2 Nephi 1:108, 109-"He gave commandment that all men must repent; for he shewed unto all men that they were lost, because of the transgression of their parents."

Alma 7:13-"He commandeth you to repent; and except ye repent, ye can in no wise inherit the kingdom of God."

I Nephi 3:210-213; 2 Nephi 6:48, 49; 13:14; Mosiah 8:88, 89; 9:53; 11:138-140; Alma 5:24-28; 13:51; Helaman 5:63, 65, 67, 72-74; 3 Nephi 4:26, 50-52, 58; 5:24, 39, 40; 12:29, 33.

D. and C. 6:4; 10:4-"Say nothing but repentance unto this generation."

D. and C. 17:6-"All men must repent."

D. and C. 43:5-"Call upon the nations to repent, both old and young, both bond and free; saying, Prepare yourselves for the great day of the Lord."

D. and C. 64:2-"He that repenteth not of his sins, and confesseth them not, then ye shall bring him before the church."

D. and C. 5:4; 10:4; 17:7; 18:4; 32:2; 39:2; 53:2.

GOD S GOODNESS LEADS TO

Rom. 2:4-"Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance?"

2 Pet. 3:9-"The Lord is . . . longsuffering towards us, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance."

IS MORE THAN SORROW FOR SIN

2 Cor. 7:9, 10-"Now I rejoice, not that ye were made sorry, but that ye sorrowed to repentance; for ye were made sorry after a godly manner. . . . For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of; but the sorrow of the world worketh death."

D. and C. 3:16-"Whosoevcr repententh and cometh unto me the same is my church."

IS FORSAKING OF SIN

Isa. 1:17, 25-"Cease to do evil; learn to do well; seek judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, Plead for the widow. . . . And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross."

Isa. 55:7-"Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts; and let him return unto the Lord, and he will have mercy upon him."

*Jer. 26:13-"Therefore now, amend your ways and your doings, and obey the voice of the Lord your God, and repent, and the Lord will turn away the evil that he hath pronounced against you."

Ezek. 18:21-"But if the wicked will turn from all his sins that he hath committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die."

Jas. 4:8-"Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners, and purify your hearts, ye doubleminded."

Jer. 7:3; Ezek. 18:27, 28; 33:14-16; Dan. 4:27.

Mosiah 2:16-"Ye must repent of your sins and forsake them, and humble yourselves before God."

Alma 19:13-"Now, my son, I would that ye should repent and forsake your sins."

FOLLOWED BY RESTITUTION

Lev. 6:1-5-"And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, If a soul sin, and commit a trespass against the Lord, . . . then it shall be, because he hath sinned, and is guilty, that he shall restore that which he took violently away, or the thing which he hath deceitfully gotten, or that which was delivered him to keep, or the lost thing which he found, or all that about which he hath sworn falsely; he shall even restore it in the principal, and shall add the fifth part more thereto, and give it unto him to whom it appertaineth, in the day of his trespass offering."

Matt. 3:35-"Repent, therefore, and bring forth fruits meet for repentance" (8).

Acts 26:20; Rev. 2:5.

TRUE REPENTANCE EXEMPLIFIED

Judg. 10:16-"And they put away the strange gods from among them, and served the Lord."

Jonah 3:10-"And God saw their works that they turned from their evil way and repented; and God turned away the evil that he had said he would bring upon them."

2 Cor. 7:9-11.

Mosiah 9:28, 29-"Alma . . . . repented of his sins and iniquities, and went about privately among the people, . . . concerning . . . the redemption of the people, which was to be brought to pass through the power, the suffering, and death of Christ."

BAPTISM

GOD'S PURPOSE IS HUMAN REGENERATION

Deut. 30:6-"The Lord thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live."

Ps. 51:10-"Create in me a clean heart, O God; and renew a right spirit within me."

Isa. 1:l8-"Come now, and let us reason together, saith the Lord; though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool."

Ezek. 18:31-"Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will ye die, O house of Israel?"

Matt. 18:2-"Except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven" (3).

*John 1:12-"But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God; only to them who believe on his name."

John 3:3-"Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God."

2 Cor. 5:17-"Therefore if any man live in Christ, he is a new creature; old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new."

*Eph. 4:22-24-"That ye put off the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts; and be renewed in the mind of the Spirit; and that ye put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness."

Col. 3:9,-"Lie not one to another, seeing that ye have put off the old man with his deeds; and have put on the new man, which is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him."

Titus 3:5-"Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost."

Jas. 1:18-"Of his own will begat he us with the word of truth, that we should be a kind of first-fruits of his creatures."

I John 2:29-"If ye know that he is righteous, ye know that every one that doeth righteousness is born of him."

*1 John 3:9-"Whosoever is born of God doth not continue in sin; for the Spirit of God remaineth in him; and he can not continue in sin, because he is born of God, having received that Holy Spirit of promise."

3 Nephi 4: 47-"And as many as have received me, to them have given to become the sons of God; and even so will I to as many as shall believe on my name, for behold, by me redemption cometh, and in me is the law of Moses fulfilled."

D. and C. 83:6-"For whoso is faithful unto the obtaining these two priesthoods of which I have spoken, and the magnifying their calling, are sanctified by the Spirit unto the renewing of their bodies: they become the sons of Moses and of Aaron, and the seed of Abraham, and the church and kingdom and the elect of God.

†Gen. 6:62; I Sam. 10:6; Ps. 51:10-13; Jer. 24:7; Ezek. 11:19, 20; 36:26, 27; Acts 26:18; *Rom. 12:2; Gal. 2:20; 6:15; Eph. 2:1-5; Col. 3:10; I Pet. 1:23; I John 4:7; 5:1, 4, *18.

D. and C. 17:6; 24:1; 33:1; 34:1; 39:1; 68:1.

NECESSITY OF WATER BAPTISM

*Matt. 3:41-45-"And then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan, unto John, to be baptized of him; but John refused him, saying, I have need to be baptized of thee, and why comest thou to me? And Jesus, answering, said unto him, Suffer me to be baptized of thee, for thus it becometh us to fulfill all righteousness. Then he suffered him. And John went down into the water and baptized him. And Jesus when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water" (13-16).

Matt. 28:18-"Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost" (19).

*Luke 7:29, 30-"And all the people who heard him, and the publicans, justified God, being baptized with the baptism of John. But the Pharisees, and lawyers, rejected the counsel of God against themselves, not being baptized of him."

Acts 10:48-"And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord."

†Gen. 6:54, 61-63-"And our father Adam spake unto the Lord, and said, Why is it that men must repent, and be baptized in water? . . . . By reason of transgression cometh the fall, which fall bringeth death; and inasmuch as ye were born into the world by water and blood, and the spirit, which I have made, and so became of dust a living soul; even so ye must be born again, into the kingdom of heaven, of water, and of the Spirit, and be cleansed by blood, even the blood of mine Only Begotten. . . . .For, by the water ye keep the commandment; by the Spirit ye are justified; and by the blood ye are sanctified."

†Gen. 8:11-"And it came to pass that Noah continued his preaching unto the people, saying, Hearken and give heed unto my words, believe and repent of your sins and be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of God."

†Gen. 6:53, 67; †7:13; Acts 10:5, 6, 47, 48.

2 Nephi 6:48-"And he commandeth all men that they must repent and be baptized in his name, having perfect faith in the Holy One of Israel, or they can not be saved in the kingdom of God."

2 Nephi 13:7-"Now, if the Lamb of God, he being holy, should have to be baptized by water to fulfill all righteousness, O then, how much more need have we, being unholy, to be baptized."

I Nephi 3:73, 74; 2 Nephi 6:48; 13:24; Mosiah 11:94-96; Alma 5:24-28; Helaman 2:79-81; 3 Nephi 5:21-28; Mormon 3:30, 33.

D. and C. 16:4-"As many as repent, and are baptized in my name, which is Jesus Christ, and endure to the end, the same shall be saved."

D. and C. 16:6-"For all men must repent and be baptized, and not Only men, but women; and children who have arrived to the years of accountability."

D. and C. 39:2, 5; 42:2; 55:1; 68:1 ; 83:10.

OBJECT OF BAPTISM

Mark 1:3-"John did baptize in the wilderness, and preach the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins" (4).

Acts 2:38-"Then Peter said unto them, Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins. and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost."

Acts 22:16-"And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord."

Gal. 3:27-"For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ."

†Gen. 6:62; †Matt. 5:4; Mark 1:3; *Luke 1:76; 3:3; I Pet. 3:21.

2 Nephi 13:24-"For the gate by which ye should enter is repentance and baptism by water, and then cometh a remission of your sins."

Mosiah 9:41-"If this be the desire of your hearts, what have you against being baptized in the name of the Lord, as a witness before him that ye have entered into a covenant with him that ye will serve him and keep his commandments."

Alma 21:142; Moroni 8:4-16.

D. and C. 32:2-"Repent and be baptized every one of you, for the remission of your sins."

D. and C. 83:4-"Which gospel is the gospel of repentance and of baptism, and of the remission of sins."

D. and C. 18:4.

SUBJECTS OF BAPTISM

*Matt. 3:38-"I indeed baptize you with water, upon your repentance" (11).

Mark 16:15-"He that believeth and is baptized, shall be saved; but he that believeth not, shall be damned" (16).

Acts 2:41-"Then they that gladly received his word were baptized; and the same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls."

Acts 8:37-"And Philip said, If thou believest with all thine heart, thou mayest. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God."

Acts 16:14, 15, 30-33.

Helaman 5:110-"And as many as believed on his word . . . . when they had come forth and found him, they confessed unto him their sins, and denied not, desiring that they might be baptized unto the Lord."

Moroni 6:3-"And none were received unto baptism, save they took upon them the name of Christ, having a determination to serve him to the end."

Alma 5:24-27; 21:142, 143; Helaman 5:110-116; Moroni 6:1-4.

D. and C. 17:7-"All those who humble themselves before God and desire to be baptized, and come forth with broken hearts and contrite spirits, and witness before the church that they have truly repented of all their sins, and are willing to take upon them the name of Jesus Christ, having a determination to serve him to the end, and truly manifest by their works that they have received of the Spirit of Christ unto the remission of their sins, shall be received by baptism into his church."

MEANING OF THE WORD

The words "baptize," "baptized," and "baptizing" are all from the Greek word baptizo, which means to immerse, submerge, overwhelm, dip, or wash by immersing, as defined by authors of Greek lexicons and other authorities. The word "baptism" is of the same meaning, from the Greek baptisma, a derived form of baptize.

Robinson in the History of Baptism, page 5, states the native Greek always baptized by immersion. Eusebius states how aspersion came to be used. Novatus was supposed to be at the point of death. In the early centuries immersion was not dispensed with but aspersion was permitted in emergencies.

WHO BAPTIZED

See apostles.

John the Baptist *Matt. 3:32, 40, 41; Mark 1:3, 4. 6, 7; *Luke 3:28; *John 1:27, 31.

Jesus, *John 4:1-3,

His disciples, *John 4:3; Acts 2:41.

Philip, Acts 8:12.

Ananias, Acts 9:18.

Paul, Acts 16:33.

Eiders, D. and C 17:8; 124:5.

Priests, D. and C. 17:10, 104:10.

Alma, Mosiah 9:45-47.

Ammon, Alma 12:178.

Helaman, Alma 29:55.

Nephi, Helaman 2:81; 3 Nephi 1:27.

Disciples of Jesus, 3 Nephi 5:22, 44.

MODE OF ADMINISTERING BAPTISM

*Matt. 3:44, 45-"And John went down into the water and baptized him. And Jesus when he was baptized, went up straightway out of the water" (16).

*John 3:5, 24-"Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water, and the Spirit, he can not enter into the kingdom of God. . . . And John was also baptizing in Aenon, near to Salim because there was much water there; and they came and were baptized" (23).

Acts 8:38-"And he commanded the chariot to stand still; and they went down both into the water, both Philip and the eunuch; and he baptized him."

Rom. 6: 4-"Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death; that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life."

Col. 2:12-"Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead."

†Gen. 6:67; Acts 8:39; Rom. 6:5; I Cor. 10:2; Eph. 5:26; Titus 3:5.

3 Nephi 5:26-"And then shall ye immerse them in the water and come forth again out of the water."

Mosiah 9:43-47; 11:95; Alma 2:4; 3 Nephi 9:12-14.

D. and C. 17:21-"The person who is called of God, and has authority from Jesus Christ to baptize, shall go down into the water with the person who has presented him or herself for baptism, and shall say . . . Then shall he immerse him or her in the water."

D. and C. 110:12-"To be immersed in the water and come forth out of the water, is in the likeness of the resurrection of the dead in coming forth out of their graves."

HISTORY OF BAPTISM

That the baptism of John as the prophet forerunner of Jesus was by immersion, is shown by Mosheim, in his Institutes of Ecclesiastical History, in which Dr. Mosheim states concerning John:

"And those who professed repentance and reformation, he initiated in the approaching kingdom of the Saviour, by immersion in the Jordan, Matthew 3:2, &c.; John 1:22, &C. Jesus himself, before commencing his public ministry, chose to receive a solemn lustration in the waters of Jordan at the hands of John;"-Book 1, Century 1, Part 1, chapter 3, Section 3.

Of baptism in the first century he states:

"In this century baptism was administered in convenient places, without the public assemblies; and by immersing the candidate wholly in water."-Ibid., Part 2, chapter 4, Section 8.

Of baptism in the second century, he states:

"The candidates for it were immersed wholly in water, with invocation of the sacred Trinity, according to the Saviour's precept, after they had repeated what they called the Creed, (Symbolum), and had renounced all their sins and transgressions, and especially the devil and his pomp."-., Century 2, Part 2, chapter 4, Section 13.

Tertullian, one of the most esteemed fathers, and living in the second century, wrote that immersion was the mode practiced by the church at that time, and also says:

"When entering the water, we make profession of the Christian faith in the words of its rule."-De Spectaculis, chapter 4.

"When we are going to enter the water, but a little before, in the presence of the congregation and under the hand of the president, we solemnly profess that we disown the devil, and his pomp, and his angels. Hereupon we are immersed."-De Carona, chapter 3.

"We, after the example of Jesus Christ, are born in water. . . . The act of baptism itself is carnal, in that we are plunged in water; but the effect is spiritual, in that we are freed from sins."-On Baptism, chapters 1 and 7.

Above taken from The Ante-Nicene Fathers.

Epistles of the Apostolic Fathers, Canterbury translation, 1834 edition says:

"Blessed are they who put their trust in the cross, descend into the water; . . . we go down into the water full of sins and pollution; but come up again bringing forth fruit; having in our hearts the fear and hope which is in Jesus, by the Spirit."-General Epistle of Barnabas, chapter 10, verses 11, 14.

The Works of S. Justin the Martyr, Oxford Edition, 1861, thus quotes Justin:

"All then who are persuaded, and believe, that the things which are taught, and affirmed by us are true; and who promise to be able to live accordingly; are taught to pray, and beg God with fasting, to grant them forgiveness of their former sins; . . . Then we bring them where there is water; and after the same manner of regeneration as we also were regenerated ourselves, they are regenerated; for, in the Name of God, the Father and Lord of all things, and of our Saviour Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Ghost, they then received the washing of water."-"First Apology for the Christians to Antoninus Pius," paragraph 61, page 46.

Calvin in his Institutes says:

"The word baptizo (baptize) signifies to immerse, and the rite of immersion was performed by the ancient church."

Beza, one of the Genevan reformers of the sixteenth century, wrote in his epistle concerning Mark 7:4.

"Christ commanded us to be baptized, by which word it is certain that immersion is signified."

John Wesley in His note upon Romans 6:4 says that Paul in this text refers to immersion, which was the mode of baptism practiced in the primitive church.

Bloomfield, an English Bishop of the early part of this century, in his Critical Digest speaks as follows of the same text:

"Baptism, or our immersion into water, according to the ancient mode of administering it, is a figure of our burial with Christ, and of our conformity with His death, and so signifies our dying to sin, and our walking in newness of life."

Beza says further:

"We are dead to sin and buried with Christ that we may rise again unto righteousness."

Sherlock, an English clergyman of two centuries ago, wrote in relation to the same text:

"There is plainly here a reference to the ancient mode of baptism by immersion; and I agree that there is reason to regret that it should have been abandoned in most Christian churches, especially as it has so evidently a reference to the mystic sense of baptism."

The last three quotations are gathered from the Rev. William Jenks' Comprehensive Commentary.

Another writer quotes from other authors as follows:

Vitringa, a Dutch commentator, says on page 884 of his theological work:

"The act of baptizing is the immersion of believers in water. This expresses the force of the word. Thus also it was performed by Christ and his apostles."

Salmasius, a French theological teacher in a German university two hundred and fifty years ago, says on page 669 of his work:

"Baptism is immersion, and was administered in former times according to the force and meaning of that word."

Gahan, a Catholic historian says that Novatus was baptized in bed, and he adds that it was not by immersion, which, he says, "was then the usual method." The Catholics defend the change to sprinkling by saying that the authorities of the church, as the successors of Peter and holding the keys, had a right to change the ordinance if they thought necessary.

Neander, who is considered as having been one of the greatest of ecclesiastical historians, in his letter to Judd, as found on page 194 of the latter's Reply to Stewart, wrote as follows:

"As to your question on the original rite of baptism, there can be no doubt whatever that in the primitive times it was performed by immersion, to signify a complete immersion into the new principle of the divine life which was to be imparted by the Messiah."

The late Charles Anthon, Professor of Languages in Columbia College, New York, in a letter to Dr. E Parmeley, written March 27, 1843, said:

"The primary meaning of the word (baptizo) is to dip or immerse; and its secondary meaning, if it ever had any, all refer, in some way or other, to the same leading idea. Sprinkling, etc., are entirely out of the question."

Smith, in his Dictionary of the Bible, says:

"Baptism properly and literally means immersion. . . .The language of the New Testament and of the primitive fathers sufficiently points to immersion as the common mode of baptism."-Page 73.

The work of C. H. Ball presents this convincing summary:

"We bring forward 16 of these distinguished authors of Greek dictionaries whose authority is received in colleges, universities, and seminaries of all denominations; their names are Scapula, Henricus, Stephanus, Bass, Robertson, Donnagun, Pickering, Schleusner, Pastor, Parkhurst Greenfield, Bretschneider, Storking, Liddel, Scott, and Robinson. These men were all members of Pedo-Baptist churches (i. e., those observing infant sprinkling, etc.), but were so learned, impartial, honest, and scholarly, that their sectarian relations did not bias their minds; they all agree upon the meaning of baptizo, there is no dissent nor disagreement; the whole 16 declare as scholars learned in the language of the New Testament that baptizo means to immerse, plunge, dip, wash by immersing, sink, submerge, overwhelm, and not one of them ever defines it to mean sprinkle in any case or under any circumstances whatever."-Christian Baptism, page 25.

Neander's History of the Christian Religion and Church, which covers the first three centuries, in a translation by Henry J. Rose, late Fellow of St. John's College, published in 1843, states:

"Baptism was originally administered by immersion, and many of the comparisons of St. Paul allude to this form of its administration: the immersion is a symbol of death, of being buried with Christ, the coming forth from the water is a symbol of a resurrection with Christ, and both taken together represent the second birth, the death of the old man and a resurrection to a new life."-Section III, page 197.

Of immersion in the fourth century, the statement of Venema is quoted:

"Immersion, in the fourth century, was one of those acts that were considered as essential to baptism; nevertheless, aspersion was used in the last moments of life, on such as were called clinics, and also, where there was not sufficient quantity of water."-Quoted in Presidency and Priesthood, page 368.

BAPTISM IMMEDIATELY AFTER REPENTANCE

Of the first century, Mosheim states concerning preparation for baptism:

"At the first promulgation of the gospel, all who professed firmly to believe that Jesus was the only redeemer of mankind, and who promised to lead a holy life conformable to the religion he taught, were received immediately among the disciples of Christ: nor did a more full instruction in the principles of Christianity precede their baptism, but followed after it. Buy afterwards, when churches were everywhere established and organized, for very just reasons this custom was changed; and none were admitted to the sacred font unless previously well instructed in the primary truths of religion, and affording indubitable evidence of a sincere and holy character."-Part 2, chapter 3, Section 5.

CHILDREN OF CHRISTIANS INSTRUCTED

"There can be no doubt, but that the children of Christians were carefully trained up from their infancy, and were early put to reading the sacred books and learning the principles of religion. For this purpose, schools were erected everywhere from the beginning. From these schools for children, we must distinguish those seminaries of the early Christians, erected extensively in the larger cities, at which adults and especially such as aspired to be public teachers, were instructed and educated in all branches of learning both human and divine. . . . Among these seminaries, in subsequent times, none was more celebrated than that at Alexandria; which is commonly called a catechetic school, and was said to be erected by *St. Mark."-Ibid., Section 7.

*A footnote by the translator indicates that this school was more probably established in the second century, the evidence being insufficient to ascribe it to St. Mark.

POURING AND SPRINKLING

The following is found in Robinson's History of Baptism, chapter thirty-three:

"It was not until the legislature in a Council at Ravenna, in the year 1311, declared immersion and pouring indifferent."

Professor Stuart quotes Brenner, as follows:

"For thirteen hundred years was baptism generally and ordinarily performed by the immersion of a man under water; and only in extraordinary cases were sprinkling or effusion (pouring) permitted. "

In his Ecclesiastical History, as translated by Cruse, Eusebius gives us the first instance on record of aspersion or sprinkling (about A.D. 249-251), as recited by Cornelius, bishop of Rome. This was Novatus, who later caused havoc in the church by heresies. Of him he states:

"Who, aided by the exorcists, when attended with an obstinate disease, and being supposed at the point of death, was baptized by aspersion, in the bed on which he lay; if, indeed, it be proper to say that one like him did receive baptism. But neither, when he recovered from disease, did he partake of other things, which the *rules of the church prescribe as duty, nor was he sealed (in confirmation) by the bishop. But as he did not obtain this, how could he obtain the Holy Spirit?"-Chapter 43, page 251.

*A footnote by Vales explains this reference to rules by stating:

"The canon was, that they who were baptized in their beds, if they recovered again, should afterwards go to the bishop, that he might supply what was wanting in that baptism."

When, though not properly baptized or confirmed, attempt was made by one of the bishops to ordain Novatus to the priesthood, it was strongly opposed. Of this the narrative informs us:

"As all the clergy and many of the *laity resisted it, since it was not lawful that one baptized in his sickbed by aspersion, as he was, should be promoted to any order of the clergy, the bishop requested that it should be granted him to ordain only this one."-Ibid., pages 251, 252.

*A footnote states that "Formerly, bishops could not ordain priests without the consent of the clergy and people."

Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria in that time, says of this and of the heresies introduced by Novatus, that he had drawn some of the brethren into impiety and blasphemy, and that his heresy, "besides all this, sets aside the holy baptism."

Venema says that aspersion was not used till the third century, and then only "in cases of necessity," and was counted "a half perfect baptism." Of the fourth century, he says that it was used in the last moments of life, and also where there was not sufficient water for the proper baptism.

INFANT BAPTISM

The following authorities clearly show that infant baptism was an innovation introduced in the church long after Christ and his apostles. Martin Luther, of unquestioned education in church doctrine and history, frankly admitted:

"It cannot be proved by the sacred Scriptures that infant baptism was instituted by Christ, or begun by the first Christians after the apostles."-Vanity of Infant Baptism, Part 2 page 8. (Quoted in Presidency and Priesthood, page 370.)

In his history, previously quoted, Neander declares:

"As faith and baptism are constantly so closely connected together in the New Testament, an opinion was likely to arise, that where there could be no faith, there could also be no baptism. It is certain that Christ did not ordain infant baptism; . . . We cannot prove that the apostles ordained infant baptism; from those places where the baptism of a whole family is mentioned, as in Acts 16:33, I Cor. 1:16, we can draw no such conclusion, because the inquiry is still to be made, whether there were any children in these families of such an age, that they were not capable of any intelligent reception of Christianity, for this is the only point on which the case turns."-Section 3, page 198.

He shows that the noted Tertullian (C. A.D. 160-230) opposed it, and states:

"Tertullian appeared as a zealous opponent of infant baptism, a proof that it was not then usually considered as an apostolical ordinance, for in that case he could hardly have ventured to speak so strongly against it."-Ibid., page 199.

Smith's Dictionary of the Bible states some reasons for rejecting infant baptism, as follows:

"The silence of the New Testament concerning the baptism of infants, the constant mention of faith as a pre-requisite or condition of baptism, the great spiritual blessings which seem attached to a right reception of it, and the responsibility entailed on those who have taken its obligations on themselves, seem the chief objections urged against pedo-baptism."-See "Baptism," VIII.

Neander's history states of those who first urged infant baptism:

"As it was in the North African Church that the necessity of infant baptism was first peculiarly insisted on, so also did they join with this notion that of infant communion."-Section 3, page 213.

HERETICAL AND SECTARIAN BAPTISMS VOID

Early church views on sectarian baptisms are noted in Neander's history as follows:

"In Asia Minor and the neighboring regions, the light in which it was regarded was this, that only such baptism as had been administered in the orthodox Church, in which alone all religious rites could be duly administered, was valid, that the baptism of heretics was to be looked upon as of no value, and, therefore, that the true baptism must be administered to one who came over from one of the sects, just as to a heathen."-Section 3, page 203.

The same position was taken by other leading church officials; Neander states:

"That the Alexandrian Church also rejected the baptism administered in the churches of heretics, is clearly deducible from the declaration of Dionysius, in his letter to Sixtus II, bishop of Rome."-Ibid., page 205, footnote.

Cyprian (c. 200-258), bishop of Carthage held likewise, Neander says:

"Cyprian reproaches his adversaries here with an inconsistency, against which they could not well defend themselves-it was this: if the baptism of the heretical Churches had an objective validity, their confirmation must equally have an objective validity also."- Ibid., page 206.

THE BAPTISM OF CHILDREN

In the Works of Justin Martyr, Oxford Edition, 1861, the requirements of the early church for baptism are stated, and would debar children who had not reached the age of accountability. Justin, who lived about A.D. 100-165, explains:

"All then who are persuaded, and believe, that the things which are taught and affirmed by us are true; and who promise to be able to live accordingly; are taught to pray, and beg God with fasting, to grant them forgiveness of their former sins; and we pray and fast with them. Then we bring them where there is water; and after the same manner of regeneration as we also were regenerated ourselves, they are regenerated; for in the Name of God, the Father and Lord of all things, and of our Savior Jesus Christ, and of the Holy Ghost, they then receive the washing of water; for, indeed, Christ also said, Except ye be born again, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven."- "First Apology," Section 61, pages 46, 47. (Critics believe this "Apology,.' was written about A. D. 139, its being addressed to Antoninus Pius, of that period.)

Neander's history, concerning the baptism of children, states of Tertullian:

"He takes occasion to declare himself particularly against haste in the baptism of children. . . . 'let them become Christians, after they have had an opportunity of knowing Christ. Why does the age of innocence hasten to the forgiveness of sins?' . . . .Tertullian (desires that children may be brought to Christ, while they are being instructed in Christianity; but he does not wish them to receive baptism until they have been sufficiently instructed in Christianity, and from their own conviction and free choice, with earnest longings of the heart, desire baptism themselves."-Section 3, page 199.

BAPTISM FOR THE DEAD

I Cor. 15:29-"Else what shall they do which are baptized for the dead, if the dead rise not at all? Why are they then baptized for the dead?"

D. and C. 107:10-"That they, my saints, may be baptized for those who are dead; for this ordinance belongeth to my house."

D.. and C. 109:5, 6-"Verily, thus saith the Lord unto you concerning your dead: When any of you are baptized for your dead, let there be a recorder; and let him be eye witness of your baptisms; . . .Let all the records be had in order, that they may be put in the archives of my holy temple, and be held in remembrance from generation to generation, saith the Lord of hosts."

D. and C. 110:1-18.

Considerable mystery has attached to Paul's teaching or reference to baptism for the dead. Barnes' Notes (I Corinthians 15:29), Revised Edition, 1872, states:

"There is, perhaps, no passage in the New Testament in respect to which there has been a greater variety of interpretation than this, and the views of expositors now by no means harmonize to regard to its meaning. It is possible that Paul may here refer to some practice or custom which existed in his time respecting baptism, the knowledge of which is now lost."-Page 288.

Among several opinions, he states the view of some:

"That the apostle refers to a custom of vicarious baptism, or being baptized for those who were dead, referring to a practice of having some person baptized in the place of one who had died without baptism. This was the opinion of Grotius, Michaelis, Tertullian, and Ambrose. . . . That this custom prevailed in the Church after the time of Paul has been abundantly proved by Grotius and is generally admitted."-Ibid., page 288.

Under this subject, Buck's Theological Dictionary states:

"A practice formerly in use, when a person dying without baptism, another was baptized in his stead; thus supposing that God would accept the baptism of the proxy, as though it had been administered to the principal. Chrysostom says, this was practiced among the Marcionites with a great deal of ridiculous ceremony. . . . If it can be proved (as some think it can) that this practice was as early as the days of the apostle Paul, it might probably form a solution of those remarkable words in I Cor. 15:29: "If the dead rise not at all, what shall they do who are baptized for the dead?"-Edition of 1826, page 44.

Robinson's revision of Calmet's Dictionary contains the statement of Epiphanius that the Marcionites were "baptized in the name of those among them who died without baptism, as substituted representatives of such persons"; and observes: "The most ancient interpretation which we have of the passage, follows the simple and literal meaning of the words: (Greek text), to be baptized, for, instead of, the dead."-Dictionary of the Bible, page 146.

BAPTISM OF THE HOLY SPIRIT

PROMISED

*Mark 1:6-"I indeed have baptized you with water; but he shall not only baptize you with water, but with fire, and the Holy Ghost." (8).

Luke 24:48-"I send the promise of my Father upon you: but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high" (49).

*John 7:38, 39-"He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. (But this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believe on him should receive; for the Holy Ghost was promised unto them who believe, after that Jesus was glorified.) "

John 14:26-"But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things."

Acts 1:5-"For John truly baptized with water, but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost not many days hence."

Acts 2:38, 39-"And ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call."

John 14:16, 17; 16:7.

3 Nephi 5:46-"And after that ye are baptized with water, behold I will baptize you with fire and with the Holy Ghost."

2 Nephi 13:10, 15-17; 3 Nephi 9:14; 12:10, 29, 33; 5:46, 49; Mormon 3:35.

D. and C. 35:1-"You shall receive my Spirit, the Holy Ghost, even the Comforter, which shall teach you the peaceable things of the kingdom."

D. and C. 85:1-"Wherefore I now send upon you another Comforter. . . . that it may abide in your hearts, even the Holy Spirit of promise, which other Comforter is the same that I promised unto my disciples, as is recorded in the testimony of John."

D. and C. 19:3; 23:3; 30:4; 34:5; 42:5; 87:4, 5.

FULFILLMENT OF THE PROMISE

Acts 2:4-"They were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance."

Acts 4:31-"And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and they spake the word of God with boldness."

Acts 8:17-"Then laid they their hands on them, and they received the Holy Ghost."

Acts 10:44, 45-"While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word . . . because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost."

Acts 19:6-"And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Ghost came on them; and they spake with tongues, and prophesied."

1 :Eph. 1:13; I Thess. 1:5, 6; Titus 3:5.

3 Nephi 9:14-"And it came to pass that when they were all baptized, and had come up out of the water, the Holy Ghost did fall upon them."

3 Nephi 13:30-"And as many as were baptized, did receive the Holy Ghost."

WORLD CANNOT RECEIVE SPIRIT, BUT

IS REPROVED BY IT

Matt. 13:9-"He answered and said unto them, Because it is given unto you to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them it is not given" (11).

John 14:17-"Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world can not receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him; but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you."

John 16:8-"And when he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment."

I Cor. 2:14-"But the natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God; for they are foolishness unto him; neither can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned."

ENDOWMENT OF THE SPIRIT

Isa. 44:3-"I will pour water upon him that is thirsty, and floods upon the dry grounds: I will pour my Spirit upon thy seed, and my blessing upon thine offspring."

Ezek. 39:29-"Neither will I hide my face any more from them; for I have poured out my Spirit upon the house of Israel, saith the Lord God."

Joel 2:28, 29-"I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, your young men shall see visions: and also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my Spirit."

Luke 24:48-"I send the promise of my Father upon you; but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high" (49).

*Acts 2:2-4-"Suddenly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. And there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as of fire, and it rested upon each of them. And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance."

Zech. 10:12; *John 7:38, 39; 14:16, 17; Acts 2:16, 17; 4:31; 10:44-46; 13:52; 19:6.

D. and C. 43:4-"Ye ate to be taught from on high. Sanctify yourselves and ye shall be endowed with power, that ye may give even as I have spoken."

D. and C. 102:3-"This can not be brought to pass until mine elders are endowed with power from on high; for behold, I have prepared a great endowment and blessing to be poured out upon them."

D. and C. 102:10-"It is expedient in me that the first elders of my church should receive their endowment from on high, in my house, which I have commanded to be built unto my name in the land of Kirtland."

D. and C. 38:7.

Mosiah 11:104-"And the Lord did pour out his Spirit upon them, and they were blessed, and prospered in the land."

MODE: THE LAYING ON OF HANDS

IN CONFERRING THE HOLY GHOST

Acts 8:17-"Then laid they their hands on them, and they received the Holy Ghost."

Acts 19:6-"And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Ghost came on them."

I Tim. 4:14-"Neglect not the gift that is in thee, which was given thee by prophecy, with the laying on of the hands of the presbytery."

Acts 9:17; Gal. 3:5; Eph. 4:30.

Alma 16:117-"And behold, as he clapped his hands upon them, they were filled with the Holy Ghost."

Moroni 2:1, 2-"The words of Christ which he spoke unto his disciples. . . . Ye shall call on the Father in my name, in mighty prayer; and after ye have done this, ye shall have power that on him whom ye shall lay your hands, ye shall give the Holy Ghost."

D. and C. 34:2-"Thou shalt baptize by water, and they shall receive the Holy Ghost by the laying on of the hands."

D. and C. 49:2-"Whoso doeth this, shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost, by the laying on of the hands of the elders."

D. and C. 17:8, 18; 32:3; 52:3; 53:2; 55:1; 68:4.

TO CONFER AUTHORITY AND ORDAIN

Exod. 28:41-"And thou shalt put them upon Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him; and shalt anoint them, and consecrate them, and sanctify them, that they may minister unto me in the priest's office."

Num. 8:10-"And thou shalt bring the Levites before the Lord; and the children of Israel shall put their hands upon the Levites."

Num. 27:18-20-"Take thee Joshua the son of Nun, a man in whom is the Spirit, and lay thine hand upon him; and set him before Eleazar the priest, and before all the congregation; and give him a charge in their sight. And thou shalt put some of thine honor upon him, that all the congregation of the children of Israel may be obedient."

Deut. 34:9-"And Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom; for Moses had laid his hands upon him."

Acts 6:6-"Whom they set before the apostles; and when they had prayed, they laid their hands on them."

Acts 13:3-"And when they had fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on them, they sent them away."

3 Nephi 8:70, 73; Moroni 2:1; 3:1-3.

D. and C. 16:5; 17:17; 42:4; 43:2; 50:4; 63:5; 68:2; 77:1; 114:4.

Jacob 1:8; Mosiah 9:51; 11:97; 10:103; 14:8; 21:26, 27

I Tim. 5:22-"Lay hands suddenly on no man."

Mark 3:13; John 15:16; Acts 14:23; I Tim. 2:7; 4:14; 5:22; 2 Tim. 1:6.

Exod. 28:41; Lev. 8:12; Num. 8:10; Mark 3:13; John 15:16; Tim. 2:7; 4:14.

Alma 4:1-"He ordained priests and elders, by laying on his hands, according to the order of God."

III Nephi 8:70, 71-"When Jesus had made an end of these sayings, he touched with his hand the disciples whom he had chosen, one by one, even until he had touched them all. . . . The disciples bear record that he gave them power to give the Holy Ghost."

Moroni 2:1; 3:2; Jacob 1:8; Mosiah 9:51; 11:97; Alma 10:103; 14:8; 21:26, 27.

D. and C. 68:2-"And found worthy, and anointed, and ordained under the hands of this presidency."

D. and C. 42:4-"It shall not be given to any one to go forth and preach my gospel, or to build up my church, except he be ordained by some one who has authority . . . and has been regularly ordained."

D. and C. 43:2.

IN BLESSING CHILDREN

*Matt. 19:14, 15-"But Jesus said, Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not, for of such is the kingdom of heaven. And he laid hands on them."

Mark 10:14-"And he took them up in his arms, and put his hands upon them, and blessed them" (16).

Luke 18:15-17.

3 Nephi 8:23-"And he took their little children, one by one, and blessed them, and prayed unto the Father for them."

D. and C. 17:19-"Every member of the Church of Christ having children, is to bring them unto the elders before the church, who are to lay their hands upon them in the name of Jesus Christ, and bless them in his name."

IN HEALING THE SICK

*Mark 6:7-"And he could do no mighty works there, save that he laid his hands upon a few sick folks and they were healed" (5).

Luke 13:13-"And he laid hands on her; and immediately she was made straight, and glorified God."

Mark 16:19-"They shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover" (18).

James 5:14, 15-"Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord; and the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him."

*Luke 4:40.

Mormon 4:87-"They shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover."

D. and C. 42:12-"The elders of the church, two or more, shall be called and shall pray for, and lay their hands upon them in my name."

HISTORICAL NOTES ON LAYING ON OF HANDS

IN THE BLESSING OF CHILDREN

Smith's Dictionary of The Bible informs us:

"The blessing of offspring, but especially of the male sex, is highly valued among all Eastern nations, while the absence is regarded as one of the severest punishments."-Article "Children," page 107.

Notes on the Gospels, by Barnes, comments on blessing of children by Jesus, as recorded in Mark 10:16:

"Took them up in his arms. These were small children. Blessed them. Prayed for them, sought a blessing on them, or gave them the assurance of his favor as the Messiah. How happy would it be if all parents thus felt it to be their privilege to present their children to Christ!"-Footnote on verse 16.

In his Commentary, Matthew Henry remarks on Jesus' blessing of children:

"He put his hands upon them, denoting the bestowal of his Spirit upon them, (for this is the hand of the Lord,) and his setting them apart for himself. (3) He 'blessed them' with the spiritual blessings he came to give. Our children are happy if they but have the Mediator's blessing for their portion. It is true we do not read that he baptized these children."-Volume 3, page 298.

On this subject, Bishop Taylor points out that:

"From the action of Christ's blessing children, to infer they are to be baptized, proves nothing so much, as that there is a want of better arguments; for the conclusion would with more probability be derived thus: Christ blessed infants, and so dismissed them, but baptized them not; therefore infants are not to be baptized."-Liberty of Prophecy, page 230 (From The Instructor, page 146).

Scott's Commentary on this, in Matthew 19, remarks:

"Doubtless he meant to encourage parents to seek a blessing upon their offspring from their earliest infancy, and to teach such children to apply to him as soon as they could understand his words; but the expression, 'Of such is the kingdom of heaven' seems to mean that little children are admissible into the visible church, under the New Testament dispensation, as they had been under that of Moses. Christ, indeed, did not order these infants to be baptized."-Volume 3, page 69.

IN CONFIRMATION, FOR THE HOLY SPIRIT

(Also see Confirmation, and Gifts of the Holy Spirit)

The Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopaedia, Volume II, observes

"The apostles, likewise, laid hands on those upon whom they bestowed the Holy Ghost. The priests observed the same custom when any one was received into their body."-Article "Imposition of Hands," page 857:

Tertullian says of this ordinance:

"In the next place the hand is laid on us, invoking and inviting the Holy Spirit."-Epistle on Baptism, chapter 8.

Cyprian, one of the martyrs of the third century, wrote:

"Those who have been dipped abroad outside the church, and have been stained among heretics an schismatics, when they come to us and to the church, ought to be baptized, for the reason that it is a small matter [that is of no value] to lay hands on them that they may receive the Holy Ghost, unless they receive also the baptism of the Church." -Epistle 71.

In his sixty-ninth epistle, he says that it is necessary that he who is baptized should be confirmed, in order that "he may be anointed of God and have in him the grace of Christ." In Epistle twelve, he writes that those in the church who have sinned should make confession of their sin, and through repentance and the laying on of hands should come to the Lord. In epistle seventy-three, he says of like persons: "It behooves these, when they return, having repented, to be received by the laying on of hands, and to be restored by the shepherd to the sheepfold."

Jenks, in his Comprehensive Commentary, gives notes by Scott on Acts 8:17, as follows:

"The rite of confirmation, as practiced by many Christian churches, has often been and still is, spoken of as a continuation of the apostolical laying on of hands for the confirmation of new converts, by the Holy Spirit thus given them."

Jenks himself writes upon the same:

"They laid their hands on them to signify that their prayers were answered, and that the gift of the Holy Ghost was conferred upon them; for upon the use of this sign, they received the Holy Ghost, and spake with tongues. The laying on of hands was anciently used in blessings, by those who blessed with authority."

Also in his notes on Acts 19:6, he says:

"Paul solemnly prayed to God to give them the extraordinary gifts of the Holy Ghost, signified by his laying his hands on them, which was a gesture used in blessing, by the patriarchs; especially in conveying the great trust of the promise. The Spirit being the great promise of the New Testament the apostles conveyed it by the laying on of hands."

In another note upon the same text, quoted by Jenks, it is said:

"The apostles seem to have laid down a rule, that after being baptized the proselytes should have the laying on of hands, accompanied with prayer, in order to their receiving the gifts of the Holy Spirit."

One of the early fathers, in a "Treatise on Re-baptism," as given on page 669 of Volume 5 of the Ante-Nicene Fathers, wrote:

"By the laying on of hands the Holy Spirit is given to every one that believes, as in the case of the Samaritans."

FOR HEALING THE SICK

Concerning this rite, Mosheim's History, Century 1, declares:

"The early Christians, when dangerously sick, sent for the elders of the church, agreeably to Ja. v., 14; and after the sick man had confessed his sins, the elders commended him to God in devout supplication, and anointed him with oil. Many things in regard to this rite, may be, and have actually been, subjects of controversy."-Part II, chapter IV, Section 9.

In his Commentary on James 5:14, 15, Matthew Henry says:

"We should observe the success of prayer. 'The Lord shall raise him up'; that is, if he be a person capable and fit for deliverance, and if God has anything further for such a person to do in this world. 'If he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him'; that is, where sickness is sent as a punishment for some particular sin, that sin shall be pardoned; and in token thereof, the sickness shall be removed." Volume 3, page 1,305.

On this same text, in his Apostolic Succession, Stratton comments:

"They shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover.' This manual imposition in the miracles of healing was to be the rule of procedure, although, as in the work of the Lord himself, other modes might present the exception."-Page 208.

In his work on The Catholic Epistles, Calvin observes, concerning the statement of James:

"'Is any sick among you?' Infirmatur quis inter vos? As the gift of healing as yet continued, he directs the sick to have recourse to that remedy. It is, indeed, certain that they were not all healed; but the Lord granted this favor as often and as far as he knew it to be wise and expedient; nor is it probable that the oil was applied indiscriminately."-Volume 1, page 354.

Evidence from the early Fathers is shown in Neander's Church History to explain their observance of this rite. He states:

"The Christian introduces no magic formulae, no amulets; but, calling on God through Christ, he lays his hand on the head of the sick man, in firm and faithful reliance on his Saviour. The sick man is healed, and the cure of his body leads to that of his soul."-Section 1, page 42.

"An unhappy man of this kind, after seeking help in vain at the hands of these impostors (exorcists), comes to a Christian; . . . His prayer, which calls down the power of heaven, works deeply on the distracted heart of the patient. Inward peace follows the turbulent tide which agitated him within; and, conducted by this experience of the influence of Christianity on himself to a belief in it, he becomes now, in every sense, for the first time freed from evil spirits, and healed through the enlightening and healing power of truth so thoroughly and forever, that the evil spirit returns not to his house, to find it swept and garnished for him."-Ibid., page 43.

He also presents the statement of Irenaeus (c. 130-202) that:

"Some cast out evil spirits, so radically and completely, that those purified from evil spirits often become, afterwards, themselves believers and members of the community; others heal the sick by the laying on of hands.-Ibid., page 43.

Prof. Cheetham, in History of the Christian Church During the First Six Centuries, says of this ordinance:

"In sickness, the brethren sent for the elders of the Church, who prayed over them and anointed them with oil that they might recover."-Page 27.

Discussion on the propriety of administering to the sick when not in extremity appears to have taken place as early as the second century, and continued to some extent until the ninth century, when the doctrine of Extreme Unction was substituted for the original rite, becoming in essential intent an eschatological sacrament. In Hagenbach's History of Doctrines, Volume II, a few aspects are mentioned, as follows:

"The apostolic injunction respecting the sick, James v. 14 (comp. Mark vi. 13), which probably had a symbolical and religious significance, as well as a medicinal and therapeutic, gave rise to the institution of a new sacrament, which came into general use from the ninth century, and could be administered only in the dying hour. But various opinions obtained on the question, whether it was proper to repeat the administration of the sacrament in the case of a dying person who had received it on a former occasion, but who had recovered, and been restored to life; or whether it was sufficient to have administered it once?"-Third Period, Section 199, page 112.

TO ORDAIN TO PRIESTHOOD

Ordination to the priesthood was so commonly understood and practiced that little particular attention was given to it in the first centuries of the church by the early writers. Later views differed greatly as to its nature and authority. In his Ecclesiastical History, Eusebius mentions various ordinations. Dius was chosen bishop of Jerusalem about A. D. 211, he states, the occasion being that:

"Narcissus having retired from the world, and no one knowing whither he had gone, it seemed proper to the bishops of the neighboring churches to proceed to the ordination of another bishop."-Book VI, chapter X, page 215.

A few years later, about the time Origen wrote his Commentaries, Eusebius states:

"At this time Origen, being compelled by some necessary affairs of the church, went to Greece by way of Palestine, where he received the ordination to the priesthood, at Caesarea, from the bishops of that country."-Book VI, chapter XXIII, page 229.

Concerning the ordination of Fabianus as bishop of Rome some years later, he says:

"When all the brethren had assembled in the church, for the purpose of ordaining him that should succeed in the episcopate, though there were very many eminent and illustrious men in the estimation of many, Fabianus being present, no one thought of any other man. They relate, further, that a dove suddenly flying down from on high, sat upon his head, exhibiting a scene like that of the Holy Spirit once descending upon our Saviour in the form of a dove. Upon this the whole body exclaimed, with all eagerness and with one voice, as if moved by the one Spirit of God, that he was worthy."-Book VI, chapter XXIX, page 234.

A footnote by Valesius explains this form of procedure, saying:

"This was the common acclamation at the election of bishops, of which we have many examples in Philostorgius, b. ix. ch. 10."

Novatus obtained his ordination by artifice and treachery, with the aid of others of his stamp. They were later deposed. Eusebius quotes Cornelius on this matter:

"When these men had come, being, as before observed, but simple and plain in discerning the artifices and villainy of the wicked, and when shut up with men of the same stamp with himself, at the tenth hour, when heated with wine and surfeiting, they forced them by a kind of shadowy and empty imposition of hands, to confer the episcopate upon him, and which, though by no means suited to him, he claims by fraud and treachery."-Book VI, chapter XLIII, pages 249, 250.

Consent of the ministry and people appears to have been required in early times before an ordination took place, but some modification of this is noted in Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History in Century III, which remarks:

"To the objection that Cypian (C. A. D. 200-258) did himself ordain some presbyters and lectors without the consent of his council and the laity, it is answered that the persons so advanced were confessors, who, according to usage, were entitled to ordination without any previous election."-Part 11, chapter II, footnote (1).

Buck's Theological Dictionary offers the explanation that:

"Although Christians have the liberty of choosing their own pastor, yet they have no power or right to confer the office itself. Scripture represents ordination to be the setting apart of a person to the holy ministry, by the authority of Jesus himself acting by the medium of men in office; and this solemn investing act is necessary to his being lawfully accounted a minister of Christ."-Article "Ordination."

Dupin's Church History, Volume III, gives an instance of voided ordinations:

"Formosus had been translated from the bishopric of Ostia to that of Rome. That translation had been declared void, and so were the ordinations of Formosus in consequence of it."-Chapter XI, Century IX, page 45.

Terming it the Sacrament of Orders, Hagenbach's History of Doctrines remarks:

"This sacrament is intimately connected with the doctrine of the Church, and with the distinction made between the laity and the clergy. It is that sacrament by which men are fitted to administer the other sacraments. Accordingly, its essence lies in the ecclesiastical power which it communicates."-Third Period, Section 200.

Concerning the power to transmit priesthood, McClintock and Strong's Cyclopaedia mentions the fact that:

"In the Russo-Greek Church there exist some sects without Priests, because in their idea the gift of consecration by laying on of hands, which had continued from the apostles down to Nicon (q.v.), had been lost by the apostasy of Nicon, and of the clergy seduced by him, and thus all genuine priesthood had become impossible."-Volume 4, page 522.

CONFIRMATION AFTER BAPTISM

Confirmation, or laying on of hands to impart the Holy Spirit, was at times referred to by the post-apostolic Fathers as sealing, its being understood that the convert after baptism was thus sealed as a child of God and a member of the body of Christ. History shows that this rite was, with some variations, taught and observed from the earliest times. Mosheim observes of Century II:

"The baptized were signed with the cross, anointed, commended to God by prayer and imposition of hands, and finally directed to taste some milk and honey (Tertullian cited). . . . Adults were to prepare their minds expressly, by prayers, fasting, and other devotional exercises."-Part II, chapter 4, Section 13.

Of Century III, Mosheim says:

"And it was believed that the bishop, by the imposition of hands and by prayer, conferred those gifts of the Holy Spirit which were necessary for living a holy life."-Part II, chapter 4, Section 13.

McClintock and Strong's Cyclopaedia explains:

"From this general imposition of hands, under which Christians received the baptism of the Spirit, came the official, apostolic imposition of hands. . . . It was generally performed by the bishop, but elders were authorized to do it in certain cases, in subordination to the bishop."-Volume 4, page 522.

So vital was confirmation considered, that Cornelius, bishop of Rome (A. D. 249-251), denied that Novatus received by aspersion) was entitled to membership, saying:

"But neither, when he recovered from disease, did he partake of other things, which the rules of the church prescribe as duty, nor was he sealed (in confirmation) by the bishop. But as he did not obtain this, how could he obtain the Holy Spirit."-Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History, Book VI, chapter 43.

Near the beginning of the third century, confirmation included anointing with holy oil in some instances, of which Ruter's Church History notes:

"Confirmation immediately followed the reception of baptism. This ceremony consisted in anointing them with holy oil and the imposition of hands; the former of which practices was probably introduced about the beginning of this century; and to this unction was ascribed the effect of confirming the soul in all spiritual graces on the part of God, and the confirmation of the profession of a Christian on the part of man."-Century III, chapter 11, page 54.

There may be some confusion in the minds of early writers concerning use of anointing oil, and Neander implies that it may have been analogous to the Jewish anointing to priesthood, saying:

"Just as anointing, in the Old Testament, was the sign of the priestly consecration, so also the newly-baptized person should be consecrated to this spiritual priesthood by being anointed with oil, expressly blessed for that purpose. . . . The laying on of hands, accompanied by prayer, with which the ceremony of baptism was concluded is undoubtedly older than this custom. . . . This (confirmation) was the closing rite, inseparably united with the old act of baptism."-Section III, page 201.

The close relationship of these rites is shown by Neander when he says:

"Cyprian (c. 200-258) speaks of a 'sacramentum duplex,' the baptism of water, and the baptism of the Spirit represented by the laying on of hands, 'sacramento utroque nasci,' and yet also of both as united in the Church rite of baptism"-Ibid., pages 202, 203, footnote.

(Also see Laying on of Hands; and Gifts of the Holy Spirit.)

RESURRECTION OF THE DEAD

A DOCTRINE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT

Job 19:25, 26-"For I know that my Redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon the earth; and though after my skin worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God."

Isa. 26:19-"Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they arise."

Dan. 12:2-"And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake."

Hosea 13:14-"I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death."

Ezek- 37:12, 13

A CHRISTIAN TEACHING

*John 5:25-"Verily, verily, I say unto you, The hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God; and they who hear shall live."

John 11:25-"Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life; he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live."

John 14:19-"Because I live, ye shall live also."

I Cor. 15:13, 14, 52, 53-"But if there be no resurrection of the dead, then is Christ not risen; and if Christ be not risen, then is our preaching vain, and your faith is also vain. . . . In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the sound of the last trump; for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality."

Rev. 20:12-"And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life; and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works."

Isa. 25:8; *Luke 20:35-38; Acts 17:31; 26:8; Rom. 8:23.

2 Nephi 6:6, 7-"Ye know that our flesh must waste away and die; nevertheless, in our bodies we shall see God."

Alma 8:98, 100-"The day cometh that all shall rise from the dead and stand before God. . . . The spirit and the body shall be reunited. . . . Both limb and joint shall be restored to its proper frame, even as we now are at this time."

I Nephi 3:15; Alma 2:24; 8:106, 107, 120; 13:47; Mormon 4:72, 73; Helaman 5:69-71.

CHRIST FIRST TO RISE AND REDEEM FROM DEATH

Ps. 49:15-"God will redeem my soul from the power of the grave."

Isa. 25:8-"He will swallow up death in victory."

Hos. 13:14-"I will ransom them from the power of the grave; I will redeem them from death."

*Matt. 27:56, 57-"The bodies of the saints which slept, arose, who were many, and came out of the graves after his resurrection, went into the holy city, and appeared unto many" (52, 53).

Acts 4:2-"Being grieved that they taught the people, and preached through Jesus the resurrection from the dead."

Acts 26:22, 23-"I continue unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things than those which the prophets and Moses did say should come: that Christ should suffer, and that he should be the first that should rise from the dead."

I Cor. 15:20-"But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the first fruits of them that slept."

2 Cor. 4:14-"He which raised up the Lord Jesus shall raise up us also by Jesus."

Phil. 3:20, 21-"The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto himself."

Col. 1:18-"Who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the pre-eminence."

*Rev. 1:5-"I, John, . . . bear record of the things which were delivered me of the angel, and from Jesus Christ the first begotten of the dead."

Rev. 1:18-"I am he that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death."

Mosiah 8:80, 81-"If Christ had not risen from the dead, or have broken the bands of death, . . . there could have been no resurrection."

D. and C. 85:4-"Through the redemption which is made for you, is brought to pass the resurrection from the dead."

DEAD IN CHRIST RISE FIRST-FIRST FRUITS

*John 5:29-"They who have done good, in the resurrection of the just."

I Cor. 15:23-"But every man in his own order; Christ the first fruits."

I Thess. 4:16-"For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God; and the dead in Christ shall rise first."

*Heb. 11:35-"Women received their dead raised to life again; and others were tortured, not accepting deliverance, that they might obtain the first resurrection."

*Rev. 14:4-"These were redeemed from among men, being the first-fruits unto God and to the Lamb."

*Rev. 20:5, 6-"This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy are they who have part in the first resurrection; on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years."

Dan. 12:2; Rom. 8:23; *Phil. 3:11; Col. 3:4.

2 Nephi 6:31-"The paradise of God must deliver up the spirits of the righteous, and the grave deliver up the bodies of the righteous."

Mosiah 8:56-"All those that have kept the commandments of God, shall come forth in the first resurrection."

D. and C. 45:7-"An angel shall sound the trump, and the saints that have slept, shall come forth to meet me in the cloud."

D. and C. 108:10-"And the graves of the saints shall be opened, and they shall come forth and stand on the right hand of the Lamb, when he shall stand upon Mount Zion."

2 Nephi 1:75; Jacob 3:17; Mosiah 8:80-84; 9:40; Alma 9:14, 21.

D. and C. 28:3; 43:5; 63:13; 76:5; 85:27.

LAST RESURRECTION-OF THE UNJUST

Dan. 12:2-"And some to shame and everlasting contempt.

*John 5:.29-"And they who have done evil, in the resurrection of the unjust."

Acts 24:15-"That there shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust."

Rev. 20:5, 7, 13-"But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. . . . And when the thousand years are expired, Satan shall be loosed out of his prison. . . . And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them; and they were judged every man according to their works."

2 Nephi 6:28, 29-"Hell must deliver up its captive spirits, and the grave must deliver up its captive bodies."

Mosiah 8:62-"All those that have perished in their sins . . . that have willfully rebelled against God, that have known the commandments of God, and would not keep them; these are they that have no part in the first resurrection."

Mosiah 8:86-88-"Having gone according to their own carnal wills and desires; . . . they being warned of their iniquities and yet they would not depart from them; they were commanded to repent and they would not."

D. and C. 76:7-"These are they who shall not be redeemed from the Devil till the last resurrection, until the Lord, even Christ the Lamb, shall have finished his work."

D. and C. 85:29-"Then cometh the spirits of men who are . . . found under condemnation and these are the rest of the dead, and they live not again till the thousand years are ended."

Mosiah 8:84-89; 2 Nephi 6:24-30.

FROM THE BOOK OF MORMON

A TIME APPOINTED

Alma 19:33-35-"There is a time appointed that all shall come forth from the dead. Now when this time cometh, no one knows; but God knoweth the time which is appointed. Now whether there shall be one time, or a second time, or a third time, that men shall come forth from the dead, it mattereth not; for God knoweth all these things."

A TIME OF WAITING

Alma 19:36, 37-"Now there must needs be a space betwixt the time of death, and the time of the resurrection. And now I would inquire what becometh of the souls of men, from this time of death, to the time appointed for the resurrection?"

BETWEEN DEATH AND THE RESURRECTION

Alma 19:42-47-"Now concerning the state of the soul between death and the resurrection. Behold, it has been made known unto me, by an angel, that the spirits of all men, as soon as they are departed from this mortal body; yea, the spirits of all men, whether they be good or evil, are taken home to that God who gave them life. And then it shall come to pass that the spirits of those who are righteous, are received into a state of happiness, which is called paradise; a state of rest; a state of peace, where they shall rest from all their troubles, and from all care, and sorrow. And then it shall come to pass, that the spirits of the wicked, yea, who are evil; . . . And these shall be cast out into outer darkness; there shall be weeping, and wailing and gnashing of teeth; and this because of their own iniquity; being led captive by the will of the devil. Now this is the state of the souls of the wicked; yea in darkness, and a state of awful, fearful, looking for, of the fiery indignation of the wrath of God upon them; thus they remain in this state, as well as the righteous in paradise, until the time of their resurrection."

RESURRECTION, EVIDENCE OF

(EARLY CHURCH TEACHINGS ON)

Justin Martyr affirmed:

"But Sunday is the day on which we all hold our common assembly. . . . and Jesus Christ our Saviour, on the same day, rose from the dead; for the day before that of Saturn, He was crucified; and on the day after it, which is Sunday, He appeared to his Apostles and disciples-"First Apology," Paragraph 67.

Of Century II, Mosheim informs us:

"Now the greater part of the Christians deemed it wrong to consecrate any other day than the Lord's day, in remembrance of Christ's resurrection. Hence great contention frequently arose from this difference between the Asiatic and the other Christians."-Part II, chapter IV, Section 10

Concerning the teaching of Thaddeus, one of the Seventy appointed of Christ, we have this quotation by Eusebius:

"I will proclaim the word of God, and will sow among them the word of life, both respecting the coming of Jesus, as he was, and respecting his mission, . . . .what things, also, he suffered from the Jews; how he was crucified, and descended into hell, (hades,) and burst the bars which had never yet been broken, and rose again, and also raised with himself the dead that had slept for ages."-Ecclesiastical History, Book 1, chapter 13 (Cruse edition, page 35).

Concerning those teachings later put in the Apostles' Creed which came from the apostles themselves, Robinson states:

"That they were the Articles of the Existence of God, the Trinity; that Jesus was Christ, or the Saviour of the World, the Remission of Sins, and the Resurrection."-History of the Apostles' Creed, page 35.

An admirable presentation of evidence that Christ rose from the dead is quoted from Saurin in The Popular and Critical Bible Encyclopaedia, Volume III, page 1452. It also further states that:

"In the time of Christ the belief of a resurrection, in connection with a state of future retribution, was held by the Pharisees and the great body of the Jewish people, and was only disputed by the Sadducees. . . . But although the doctrine of the resurrection was thus prevalent among the Jews in the time of Christ, it might still have been doubtful and obscure to us, had not Christ given to it the sanction of his authority, and declared it a constituent part of his religion."-Ibid., page 1453.

ETERNAL JUDGMENT

A PRINCIPLE OF THE GOSPEL

Heb. 6:1, 2-One of the "principles of the doctrine of Christ" . . ."and of eternal judgment."

THE WAYS OF GOD

Deut. 32:4-"All his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he."

THE THRONE OF JUDGMENT

Ps. 9:7-"The Lord shall endure for ever: he hath prepared his throne for judgment."

WITH RIGHTEOUSNESS

Ps. 33:5-"He loveth righteousness and judgment; the earth is full of the goodness of the Lord."

WITH JUSTICE

Ps. 89:14-"Justice and judgment are the habitation of thy throne: mercy and truth shall go before thy face."

TO REDEEM ZION

Isa. 1:27-"Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness."

†lsa. 9:7-"Of the increase of his government and peace there, shall be no end, . . . to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever."

A GOD OF JUDGMENT

Isa. 30:18-"The Lord is a God of judgment."

JESUS AND JUDGMENT

John 9:39-"Jesus said, For judgment I am come into this world."

WHERE JUDGMENT BEGINS

I Peter 4:17-"For the time is come that judgment must begin at the house of God; and if it first begin at us, what shall be the end of them that obey not the gospel of God?"

CONTINUING JUDGMENT

Mosiah 13:16-"The judgments of God are always just."

Mormon 2:27-"For I knew the judgments of the Lord which should come upon them."

THE FINAL JUDGMENT

Eccles. 3:16, 17-"And moreover I saw under the sun the place of judgment, that wickedness was there; and the place of righteousness, that iniquity was there. I said in mine heart, God shall judge the righteous and the wicked; for there is a time there for every purpose and for every work."

Eccles. 12:14-"For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil."

Acts 24:25-"And as he reasoned of righteousness, temperance, and judgment to come, Felix trembled."

Heb. 9:27-"And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment."

Eccles. 11:9; Dan. 7:10, 26.

1 Nephi 4:54-"Wherefore, they must be brought to stand before God to be judged of their works."

Alma 9:46-"And after death, they must come to judgment; even that same judgment of which we have spoken, which is the end."

2 Nephi 1:79; 6:36, 37, 47; 15:8; Mosiah 8:83; Alma 9:21-26; 19:70-79; 3 Nephi 11:32; 12:28; Mormon 1:86-89; 3:28; 4:74.

D. and C. 38:1-"But, behold, the residue of the wicked have I kept in chains of darkness until the judgment of the great day."

D. and C. 1:2, 6; 3:3; 18:1, 2; 76:7.

A DAY APPOINTED

*Acts 17:31-"Because he hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness by him whom he hath ordained."

Rom. 2:5-"But, after thy hardness and impenitent heart, treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God."

I Cor. 3:13-"Every man's work shall be made manifest; for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is."

I Tim. 5:23-"Some men's sins are open beforehand, going before to judgment; and some men they follow after" (24).

2 Nephi 6:91-"Prepare your souls for that glorious day, . . . even the day of judgment, that ye may not shrink with awful fear."

Mosiah 1:125-"They shall stand as a bright testimony against this people, at the judgment day."

Alma 16:197-"That all men shall stand before him, to be judged, at the last and judgment day, according to their works."

I Nephi 4:52-54; 3 Nephi 72:29-33; Ether 2:5.

D. and C. 3:3-"It shall turn to their shame and condemnation in the day of judgment."

D. and C. 60:4; 75:3.

A RIGHTEOUS JUDGE

Jer. 33:15-"In those days, and at that time, will I cause the Branch of righteousness to grow up unto David; and he shall execute judgment and righteousness in the land."

Isa. 11:3, 4-"And he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, neither reprove after the hearing of his ears; but with righteousness shall he judge the poor, and reprove with equity for the meek of the earth."

John 5:22-"For the Father judgeth no man; but hath committed all judgment unto the Son."

*John 5:30-"And shall all be judged of the Son of Man. For as I hear, I judge, and my judgment is just."

John 5:27; Acts 10:42; *Rom. 2:16; 14:10; *II Tim. 4:1.

I Nephi 7:47-"Wherefore, he shall execute judgment in righteousness; and the righteous need not fear."

Alma 8:98, 101, 104.

JUDGED BY THE WORD OF GOD ACCORDING TO THEIR DEEDS

Dan. 7:10-"Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him; the judgment was set, and the books were opened."

†Matt. 7:31-"For the day soon cometh, that men shall come before me to judgment, to be judged according to their works."

John 12:48-"He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him; the word, that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day."

*2 Cor. 5:10-"For we must all appear before the judgment-seat of Christ, that every one may receive a reward of the deeds done in the body."

Rev. 20:12-"And the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works."

Rev. 22:12-"And, behold, I come quickly; and my reward is with me, to give every man according as his works shall be."

Matt. 16:30; Rom. 2:6; I Cor. 3:13; Rev. 2:23.

2 Nephi 11:30-"Wherefore, he shall bring forth his words unto them, which words shall judge them at the last day."

2 Nephi 12:66-"For out of the books which shall be written, I will judge the world, every man according to their works.

Mosiah 1:125, 126-"Thus saith the Lord: They shall stand as a bright testimony against this people, at the judgment day; whereof they shall be judged, every man according to his works."

2 Nephi 11:42; 12:52-63; 15:17, 18; Words of Mormon 1:17; 3 Nephi 13:2, 3.

THE LORD'S SUPPER

THE SACRAMENT, OR HOLY COMMUNION

SCRIPTURES

*Matt. 26:22-26-"And as they were eating, Jesus took bread and brake it, and blessed it, and gave to his disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is in remembrance of my body which I give a ransom for you. And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it. For this is in remembrance of my blood of the new testament, which is shed for as many as shall believe on my name, for the remission of their sins. And I give unto you a commandment, that ye shall observe to do the things which ye have seen me do, and bear record of me even unto the end" (26-28).

I Cor. 10:16-"The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?"

*I Cor. 11:23-29-"For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread; and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat; this is my body, which is broken for you; this do in remembrance of me. After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood; this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. . . . But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh condemnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body."

*Mark 14:20-25; *Luke 22:17-20.

3 Nephi 8:32, 33-"Behold, there shall be one ordained among you, and to him will I give power that he shall break bread, and bless it, and give it unto the people of my church, unto all those who shall believe and be baptized in my name. And this shall ye always observe to do, even as I have done, even as I have broken bread, and blessed it and gave it unto You."

3 Nephi 8:60, 61-"Ye shall not suffer any one knowingly, to partake of my flesh and blood unworthily, when ye shall minister it, for whoso eateth and drinketh my flesh and blood unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to his soul; Therefore if ye know that a man is unworthy to eat and drink of my flesh and blood, ye shall forbid him."

Moroni 6:6-"And they did meet together oft to partake of bread and wine, in remembrance of the Lord Jesus."

3 Nephi 9:40-45.

D. and C. 17:22-"It is expedient that the Church meet together often, to partake of bread and wine."

D. and C. 26:1-"It mattereth not what ye shall eat, or what ye shall drink, when ye partake of the sacrament, if it so be that ye do it with an eye single to my glory, remembering unto the Father my body which was laid down for you, and my blood which was shed for the remission of your sins; wherefore a commandment I give unto you, that ye shall not purchase wine, neither strong drink of your enemies; wherefore you shall partake of none, except it is made new among you."

HISTORICAL NOTES

The institution of the Eucharist by Jesus is quite clearly shown to have been at the time he and his disciples celebrated the Jewish Passover, apparently at its close (see Matt. 26:17, 22-24; Mark 14:16, 20-24; Luke 22:15-17, 19, 20), though John (13:21, 26, 30) appears to recall some of this event in a different manner than is mentioned elsewhere. These details may indicate the reason for some of the early historical statements noted below, as love feasts, distribution made, etc.

Of the First Century custom, Moseim's History remarks:

"Though the people had not withdrawn themselves from the Jewish worship, yet they held their own separate meetings; in which they were instructed by the apostles and presbyters, offered up their united prayers, celebrated in the sacred supper the memorial of Jesus Christ, of his death, and the salvation he procured, and afterward manifested their mutual love, partly by their liberality to the poor, and partly by those temperate repasts, which from their design were called love-feasts, Acts ii, 42."-Part 1, Chapter IV, Section 5.

Of their procedure concerning the use of gifts for the ministry and the poor in the First Century, Mosheim states (supported by early writers):

"From these gifts, so much bread and wine as were requisite for the Lord's supper, were set apart, and consecrated by prayers offered solely by the bishop, to which the people responded amen. The distributors of the sacred supper were the deacons. This most holy ordinance was followed by sober repasts, which, from their design, were denominated agapae, feasts of charity."-Part II, chapter IV, Section 7.

It appears that the wine was mixed with water, being a common Jewish custom, of which Mosheim informs us that, in the Second Century:

"When the Christians celebrated the Lord's supper, which they were accustomed to do chiefly on Sundays, they consecrated a part of the bread and wine of the oblations, by certain prayers pronounced by the president, the bishop of the congregation. The wine was mixed with water, and the bread was divided into small pieces. Portions of the consecrated bread and wine were commonly sent to the absent and the sick, in testimony of fraternal affection toward them."-Part II, chapter IV, Section 12.

In his First Apology to Antoninus Pius, Justin Martyr writes similarly:

"And on the day which is called Sunday, there is an assembly in the same place of all who live in cities, or in country districts; and the records of the Apostles, or the writings of the prophets, are read as long as we have time. Then the reader concludes: and the President verbally instructs, and exhorts us, to the imitation of these excellent things: then, we all together rise and offer up our prayers; and, as I said before (par. 65), when we have concluded our prayer, bread is brought, and wine, and water, and the President, in like manner, offers up prayers, and thanksgivings with all his strength; and the people give their assent by saying, Amen: and there is a distribution, and a partaking by every one, of the Eucharistic elements; and to those who are not present, they are sent by the hands of the deacons; and such as are in prosperous circumstances, and wish to do so, give what they will, each according to his choice."-Paragraph 67, pages 51, 52.

In this writing (C. A. D. 150) Justin Martyr states of those who may partake:

"And this food is called by us the Eucharist, of which no one is allowed to partake but he who believes the truth of our doctrines; and who has been washed in the laver for the forgiveness of sins, and to regeneration; and who so lives, as Christ has directed."-Ibid., paragraph 66, page 51.

In this statement Justin shows agreement with Paul's instruction (I Cor. 11:27-29).

But some changes occurred in the Third Century, of which Mosheim says:

"To the celebration of the Lord's supper, those who conducted religious worship annexed longer prayers and more of ceremony; and this, I suppose, with no bad intentions. Neither those doing penance, nor those not yet baptized, were allowed to be present at the celebration of this ordinance; which practice, it is well known, was derived from the pagan mysteries. That gold and silver vessels were used in the ordinance, is testified among others by Prudentius; . . . The time of its administration was different, according to the state and circumstances of the churches."-Part II, chapter IV, Section 3.

In the Fourth Century other changes in the sacramental rite occurred as noted by Mosheim:

"It was also administered at the sepulchres of the martyrs, and at funerals; whence arose, afterwards, the masses in honor of the saints, and for the dead. The bread and wine were now everywhere elevated, before distribution, so that they might be seen by the people, and be viewed with reverence; and hence arose, not long after, the adoration of the symbols."-Part II, chapter IV, Section 8.

In the Fourth Century the changes, continuing through several centuries, brought about new rules concerning this sacrament, on which Mosheim comments:

"The new mode of administering the Lord's supper, magnificently, and with a splendid apparatus, or The Canon of the Mass, as it is called, was a prescription of Gregory the Great (pope: 590-604); or, as some would say, he enlarged and altered the old Canon. But many ages elapsed, before the other Latin churches could be prevailed on to adopt this Romish form."-Part II, chapter IV, Section 3.

Concerning the many changes made in this rite, Dr. Stanley, Dean of Westminster, makes the observation:

"Not a single church now communicates in the form in which it was originally given. The Reformed Churches, on the same principle as that on which they have adopted a common loaf instead of a thin wafer, have dropped the water. The Greek Churches have mixed the bread with the wine. The Roman Churches have dropped the use of the cup altogether except for the officiating priest."-Christian Institutions, pages 44, 45.

Neander's History remarks concerning the use of water for communion:

"Epiphanius (C A. D. 315-402) says of the Ebionites of his time, that they celebrated the communion once a year with unleavened bread and water."-Section III, page 212, footnote.

Belief in a mystical union of Christ with the Eucharist, which later became the doctrine of the Real Presence, was taught in the Sixth Century and afterward, and Hagenbach's History, Second Period, states:

"This idea, which had taken its rise in the preceding period, was now farther carried out by means of the more fully developed terminology of the church, and by the introduction of liturgical formulas, which substituted mystical ceremonies for the simple apostolical rite."-Section 138, page 362.

For some time various churches gave the Eucharist to infants in the Latin church, but this was abolished after the thirteenth century, of which Dr. Stanley remarks:

"The Eucharist is either a purely moral act, or else it is entirely mechanical. If viewed as a charm, as a medicine, it would be equally applicable to conscious or unconscious persons, to children or to fullgrown men. But if viewed as an act of the will, Infant Communion became an obvious incongruity, and accordingly, in spite of the long and venerable traditions which sustained the usage, it was deliberately abandoned by the Latin church."-Christian Institutions, page 84.

THE MARRIAGE COVENANT

GIVEN OF GOD

*Gen. 2:23, 24-"And I, the Lord God, said unto mine Only Begotten, that it was not good that the man should be alone; wherefore, I will make an help meet for him"(18).

Mark 10:6, 7-"But from the beginning of the creation, God made them male and female. For this cause shall a man leave his father, and mother, and cleave to his wife; and they twain shall be one flesh" (6-8).

Matt. 19:5, 6; *1 Cor. 7:2.

D. and C. 49:3-"Whoso forbiddeth to marry, is not ordained of God, for marriage is ordained of God unto man; wherefore it is lawful that he should have one wife, and they twain shall be one flesh, and all this that the earth might answer the end of its creation."

D. and C. 111:1, 2-"We believe that all marriages in this church should be solemnized in a public meeting, or feast, prepared for that purpose; and that the solemnization should be performed by a presiding high priest, high priest, bishop, elder or priest, not even prohibiting those persons . . . of being married by other authority. We believe that it is not right to prohibit members from marrying out of the church, if it be their determination so to do, but such persons will be considered weak in the faith of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Marriage should be celebrated with prayer and thanksgiving; and at the solemnization, the persons to be married, standing together, the man on the right, and the woman on the left, shall be addressed by the person officiating as he shall be directed by the Holy Spirit: and, if there be no legal objections, he shall say, calling each by their names: 'You both mutually agree to be each other's companion, husband and wife, observing the legal rights belonging to this condition; that is, keeping yourselves wholly for each other, and from all others during your lives.' And when they have answered, 'Yes,' he shall pronounce them 'husband and wife,' in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, and by virtue of the laws of the country and authority vested in him: 'May God add his blessings, and keep you to fulfill your covenants from henceforth and forever, Amen."

MARRIAGE ORDAINED OF GOD

*Prov. 18:22-"Whoso findeth a good wife hath obtained favour of the Lord."

Prov. 19:14-"A prudent wife is from the Lord."

Prov. 31:10-12-"Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her, so that he shall have no need of spoil. She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life."

Eph. 5:25, 28, 31-"Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it; . . . . So ought men to love their wives as their own bodies. He that loveth his wife loveth himself. . . . For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh."

I Tim. 3:2, 12-"A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife, . . . Let the deacons be the husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well."

I Tim. 5:9-"Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore years old, having been the wife of one man."

Titus 1:6-"If any be blameless, the husband of one wife."

D. and C. 42:7-"Thou shalt love thy wife with all thy heart, and shall cleave unto her and none else."

D. and C. 49:3-"Marriage is ordained of God unto man; wherefore it is lawful that he should have one wife; and they twain shall be one flesh, and all this that the earth might answer the end of its creation; and that it might be filled with the measure of man, according to his creation before the world was made."

Jacob 2:55, 57-"For they have not forgotten the commandments of the Lord, which was given unto our fathers. . . . Behold their husbands love their wives, and their wives love their husbands, and their husbands and their wives love their children."

*Gen. 2:29, 30; Matt. 19:5; Mark 10:7; *I Cor. 7:2.

SEPARATION

*I Cor. 7:10, 11-"And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband; but and if she depart, let her remain ummarried, or be reconciled to her husband; but let not the husband put away his wife."

DIVORCE

*Matt. 5:35, 36-"It hath been written that, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement. Verily, verily, I say unto you, that whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery; and whomever shall marry her that is divorced, committeth adultery" (31, 32).

Mark 10:9 10-"And he said unto them, whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her. And if a woman shall put away her husband, and be married to another, she committeth adultery" (11, 12).

*Matt. 19:7-11; *Luke 16:23.

3 Nephi 5:79-"It hath been written, that, whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement. Verily, verily, I say unto you, that whosoever shall put away his wife, save for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery; and whosoever shall mary [marry] her who is divorced, committeth adultery."

ADULTERY

Deut. 5:18-"Neither shalt thou commit adultery."

*Matt. 5:29, 30-"But I say unto you, that whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her, hath committed adultery with her in his heart already" (28).

*Matt. 19:9-"Whosoever shall put away his wife, except for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery; and whoso marrieth her that is put away; doth commit adultery."

Exod. 20:14; Mark 10:9, 10; *Luke 16:22, 23; 18:20; Rom. 2:22; 13:9; Gal. 5:19; Jas. 2:11; 4:4; *Rev. 2:22.

3 Nephi 5:76, 77-"It is written by them of old time, that thou shalt not commit adultery; but I say unto you, that whosoever looketh on a woman, to lust after her, hath committed adultery already in his heart."

Mosiah 7:121-"Thou shalt not commit adultery."

D. and C. 18:3-"Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife."

D. and C. 42:7-"Thou shalt not commit adultery; and he that committeth adultery and repenteth not, shall be cast out; but he that has committed adultery and repents with all his heart, and forsaketh it, and doeth it no more, thou shalt forgive; but if he doeth it again, he shall not be forgiven, but shall be cast out."

D. and C. 63:5-"If any shall commit adultery in their hearts they shall not have the Spirit, but shall deny the faith and shall fear."

D. and C. 42:22; 59:2; 66:5; 76:7.

PENALTY FOR ADULTERY UNDER MOSAIC LAW

Lev. 20:10-"The adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death."

Lev. 20:14-"And if a man take a wife and her mother, it is wickedness; they shall be burnt with fire, both he and they."

Prov. 6:32-"But whoso committeth adultery with a woman lacketh understanding; he that doeth it destroyeth his own soul."

John 8:4, 5-"Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act. Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned."

Lev. 20:10-22; 21:9; Prov. 7:18-23.

ADULTERERS NOT INHERIT THE KINGDOM

I Cor. 6:9, 10-"Neither fornicators, . . . nor adulterers, nor effeminate, . . . shall inherit the kingdom of God."

Gal. 5:19, 21-"Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these, Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, . . . they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God."

Eph. 5:5-"For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person. . . . hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God."

Heb. 13:4-"Whoremongers and adulterers God will judge."

Rev. 21:8-Whoremongers . . . . shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone; which is the second death."

Rev. 22:15-"For without are dogs, . . . and whoremongers."

2 Nephi 6:70-"Wo unto them who commit whoredoms: for they shall be thrust down to hell."

D. and C. 42:7-"He that looketh upon a woman to lust after her, shall deny the faith, and shall not have the spirit; and if he repents not, he shall be cast out. Thou shalt not commit adultery; and he that committeth adultery and repenteth not, shall be cast out."

IDOLATRY CALLED SPIRITUAL ADULTERY

Judg. 2:17-"But they went a whoring after other gods, and bowed themselves unto them."

I Chron. 5:25-"And went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land, whom God destroyed before them."

Ezek. 6:9-"I am broken with their whorish heart, which hath departed from me, and with their eyes, which go a whoring after their idols.

Hos. 1:2-"Go, take unto thee a wife of whoredoms and children of whoredoms; for the land hath committed great whoredom, departing from the Lord."

Judg. 8:27; Ps. 106:39; Jer. 3:1, 2 seq.; 13:27; Ezek. 16:13-25; 20:30, 31; 23:35; Hos. 4:12; 5:4; 9:1; *Rev. 2:22; 18:3, 9.

MONOGAMOUS MARRIAGE THE LAW OF GOD

Gen. 2:30-"Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh" (24).

†Gen. 4:3-"From that time forth, the sons and daughters of Adam began to divide, two and two, in the land, and to till the land, and to tend flocks; and they also begat sons and daughters."

*Gen. 8:25-"And of every living thing of all flesh, two of every kind shalt thou bring into the ark, to keep alive with thee; they shall be male and female" (6:19).

Deut. 17:17-"Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away."

Prov. 5:18-"Let thy fountain be blessed: and rejoice with the wife of thy youth."

Mal. 2:14, 15-"The Lord hath been witness between thee and the wife of thy youth, against whom thou hast dealt treacherously; yet is she thy companion, and the wife of thy covenant. And did not he make one? Yet had he the residue of the Spirit. And wherefore one? That he might seek a godly seed."

*Matt. 19:4, 5-"Have ye not read, that he who made man at the beginning, made him male and female, and said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife; and they twain shall be one flesh."

*Mark 10:6, 7-"From the beginning of the creation, God made them male and female. For this cause shall a man leave his father, and mother, and cleave to his wife; and they two shall be one flesh" (6-8).

I Cor. 7:2-"Let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband."

Eph. 5:30, 31-"For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his bones. For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and shall be joined unto his wife, and they two shall be one flesh."

I Tim. 3:2, 12-"A bishop then must be blameless, the husband of one wife. . . Let the deacons be the husbands of one wife."

Titus 1:5, 6-"And ordain elders in every city, as I had appointed thee; if any be blameless, the husband of one wife."

Rom. 7:3; I Cor. 6:16; Gal. 4:21-30.

Jacob 2:36-"Hearken to the word of the Lord: For there shall not any man among you have save it be one wife; and concubines he shall have none: For I, the Lord God, delighteth in the chastity of women.

Jacob 2:55-"For they have not forgotten the commandments of the Lord, which was given unto our fathers, that they should have, save it were one wife: and concubines they should have none."

Mosiah 1:33.

D. and C. 42:7-"Thou shalt love thy wife with all thy heart, and shall cleave unto her and none else; and he that looketh upon a woman to lust after her, shall deny the faith, and shall not have the Spirit."

D. and C. 49:3-"For marriage is ordained of God unto man; wherefore it is lawful that he should have one wife, and they twain shall be one flesh, and all this that the earth might answer the end of its creation."

D. and C. 111:2-(Marriage covenant) "You both mutually agree to be each other's companion, husband and wife, observing the legal rights belonging to this condition; that is, keeping yourselves wholly for each other, and from all others, during your lives?"

D. and C. 111:4-"We believe that one man should have one wife; and one woman but one husband, except in case of death, when either is at liberty to marry again."

POLYGAMY CONDEMNED BY GOD

*Gen. 8:2, 3-"When these men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, the sons of men saw that their daughters were fair, and they took them wives even as they chose. And the Lord said unto Noah, The daughters of thy sons have sold themselves" (6: 1, 2).

*Gen. 21:8, 10-"She said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman and her son; for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, Isaac. . . . And God said unto Abraham, . . . in all that Sarah has said unto thee, hearken unto her voice; for in Isaac shall thy seed be called" (10, 12).

2 Sam. 11:27-"David sent and fetched her to his house, and she became his wife, and bare him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased the Lord."

*1 Kings 11:1, 3, 4, 6-"But King Solomon loved many strange women, . . . and his wives turned away his heart. . . . and his heart was not Perfect with the Lord his God, and it became as the heart of David his father. . . . And Solomon did evil in the sight of the Lord, as David his father."

Luke 17:26, 27-"As it was in the days of Noe, so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man. They did eat, they drank, they married wives, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, and the flood came, and destroyed them all."

Jacob 1:15-"The people of Nephi, under the reign of the second king, began to grow hard in their hearts, and indulge themselves somewhat in wicked practices, such as like unto David of old, desiring many wives and concubines, and also Solomon, his son."

Jacob 2:32, 33-"Thus saith the Lord, This people begin to wax in iniquity; they understand not the scriptures: for they seek to excuse themselves in committing whoredoms, because of the things which were written concerning David, and Solomon his son. Behold, David and Solomon truly had many wives and concubines, which thing was abominable before me, saith the Lord."

Mosiah 7:2, 3-"He did not keep the commandments of God, but he did walk after the desires of his own heart. And he had many wives and concubines."

Ether 4:48-"Riplakish did not do that which was right in the sight of the Lord, for he did have many wives and concubines."

STANDARDS OF SAINTHOOD AND

CHRISTIAN LIFE

ASSEMBLING

Num. 8:9-"And thou shalt gather the whole assembly of the children of Israel together."

Num. 28:25-"On the seventh day ye shall have an holy convocation; ye shall do no servile work."

Num. 29:35-"On the eighth day ye shall have a solemn assembly; ye shall do no servile work therein."

Deut. 16:8-"And on the seventh day shall be a solemn assembly to the Lord, thy God; thou shalt do no work therein."

Ps. 107:32-"Let them exalt him also in the congregation of the people, and praise him in the assembly of the elders."

Ps. 111:1-"I will praise the Lord with my whole heart, in the assembly of the upright, and in the congregation."

Ezek. 44:24-"They shall keep my laws and my statutes in all mine assemblies; and they shall hallow my sabbaths."

Joel 2:15, 16-"Blow the trumpet in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly: gather the people, sanctify the congregation, assemble the elders, gather the children."

Mal. 3:16-"Then they that feared the Lord spake often one to another; and the Lord hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared the Lord, and that thought upon his name."

Acts 1:4-"And being assembled together with them, commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father."

Acts 4:31-"And when they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were assembled together; and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost."

Acts 19:39-"But if ye inquire anything concerning other matters, it shall be determined in a lawful assembly."

Heb. 10:25-"Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another; and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching."

D. and C. 42:l-"Hearken, O ye elders of my church, who have assembled yourselves together, in my name, even Jesus Christ, the Son of the living God, the Saviour of the world."

D. and C. 85:20-"And I give unto you who are the first laborers in this last kingdom, a commandment, that you assemble yourselves together, and organize yourselves, and prepare yourselves; and sanctify yourselves."

D. and C. 85:36-"Call your solemn assembly, as I have commanded you; and as all have not faith, seek ye diligently and teach one another words of wisdom."

D. and C. 41:1; 43:3; 45:1, 2.

Moroni 6:6-"And the church did meet together oft, to fast and to pray, and to speak one with another concerning the welfare of their souls: and they did meet together oft to partake of bread and wine, in remembrance of the Lord Jesus."

Ezek. 13:9; Mic. 4:6; Acts 2:46; 11:26; 15:25; I Cor. 14:23; Heb. 12:23.

BROTHERHOOD

See Charity, Oblation, Offering, Tithing, United Order, Consecration, Gathering, Inheritance, Poor Stewardship, Storehouse, and Surplus. Zion.

ALL THINGS COMMON

Acts 2:44-"And all that believed were together, and had all things common."

Acts 4:32-"And the multitude of them that believed were of one heart and of one soul; neither said any of them that aught of the things which he possessed was his own; but they had all things common."

D. and C. 81:4; 3 Nephi 12:11, 12;4 Nephi 1:3, 4, 28.

ESSENTIALS

Gen. 4:9-"Am I my brother's keeper?"

†Gen. 6:45-"The Lord which spake with me, the same is the God of heaven, and he is my God and your God, and ye are my brethren."

†Gen. 6:71-"Behold, thou art one in me, a son of God; and thus may all become my sons."

Deut. 17:20-"That his heart be not lifted up above his brethren, and that he turn not aside from the commandment."

Ps. 133:1-"Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity."

Mark 3:30-"Whosoever shall do the will of God, the same is my brother, and my sister, and mother" (35).

Acts 7:26-"Sirs, ye are brethren; why do ye wrong one to another?"

*Rom. 8:29-"Whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to his own image, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren."

Rom. 14:13-"Let us not therefore judge one another any more: but judge this rather, that no man put a stumbling block or an occasion to fall in his brother's way."

Gal. 6:1, 2-"Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such an one in the spirit of meekness; considering thyself, lest thou also be tempted. Bear ye one another's burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ."

I John 2:10, 11-"He that loveth his brother abideth in the light, . . . .But he that hateth his brother is in darkness, and knoweth not whither he goeth."

I John 3:14-17-"We know that we have passed from death unto life, because we love the brethren. He that loveth not his brother abideth in death. Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer: . . . we ought to lay down our lives for the brethren. But whoso hath this world's good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him?"

Prov. 22:2; Matt. 25:41; *Luke 8:21; *17:3, 4; Acts 17:26; Rom. 15:2; Gal. 5:14; James 2:8, 9; I Pet. 2:17; 3:8.

ADMONITIONS CONCERNING BROTHERHOOD

Mal. 2:10-"Have we not all one father? hath not one God created us? why do we deal treacherously every man against his brother?"

*Matt. 7:4, 5-"Why is it that thou beholdest the mote that is in thy brother's eye, but considerest not the beam that is in thine own eye? Or how wilt thou say to thy brother, Let me pull out the mote out of thine eye; and canst not behold a beam in thine own eye?" (3, 4).

Matt. 18:21, 22-"How oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? till seven times? Jesus said unto him, I say not unto thee, Until seven times: but, Until seventy times seven."

*Matt. 23:5-"Be not ye called Rabbi; for one is your master, which is Christ; and all ye are brethren" (8).

Matt. 25:41, 46-"Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my brethren, ye have done it unto me. . . . Inasmuch as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me" (40 45).

Rom. 14:10-"But why dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou set at naught thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ."

I Cor. 5:11-"I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a railer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner; with such all one no not to eat."

I Cor. 6:6-8-"Brother goeth to law with brother, and that before the unbelievers. . . . Why do ye not rather take wrong? Why do ye not rather suffer yourselves to be defrauded? Nay, ye do wrong, and defraud, and that your brethren."

2 Thess. 3:6, 14, 15-"Withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly, . . . And if any man obey not our word by this epistle, note that man, and have no company with him, that he may be ashamed. Yet count him not as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother."

*James 3:1; 4:11; 5:9-"My brethren, strive not for the mastery, knowing that in so doing we shall receive the greater condemnation. . . . Speak not evil one of another, brethren. . . . Grudge not one against another, brethren, lest ye be condemned."

Prov. 22:2.

4 Nephi 1:4-"And they had all things common among them, therefore there were not rich and poor, bond and free, but they were all made free, and partakers of the heavenly gift."

3 Nephi 12:11

D. and C. 85:41-"I receive you to fellowship, in a determination that is fixed, immovable, and unchangeable, to be your friend and brother, through the grace of God, in the bonds of love, to walk in all the commandments of God blameless, in thanksgiving, for ever and ever. Amen."

D. and C. 4:2; 38:5; 42:14, 23; 85:40, 43.

RECONCILIATION BETWEEN BRETHREN

*Matt. 5:25, 26-"If thou bring thy gift to the altar, and there rememberest that thy brother hath aught against thee, leave thou thy gift before the altar, and go thy way unto thy brother, and first be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift" (23, 24).

*Matt. 18:15-17-"Moreover, if thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone; if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church; but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto you as a heathen man and a publican."

*Luke 17:3, 4-"If your brother trespass against you, rebuke him; and if he repent, forgive him. And if he trespass against you seven times in a day, and seven times in a day turn to you again, saying, I repent; you shall forgive him."

3 Nephi 5:72-"First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come unto me with full purpose of heart, and I will receive you."

D. and C. 42:23-"And if thy brother or sister offend thee, thou shalt take him or her between him or her and thee alone; and if he or she confess, thou shalt be reconciled. And if he or she confess not, thou shalt deliver him or her up unto the church, not to the members, but to the elders. And it shall be done in a meeting, and that not before the world."

D. and C. 46:1.

CHARITY

Rom. 13:10-"Love worketh no ill to his neighbor; therefore love is the fulfilling of the law."

I Cor. 13:3-8-"And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing. Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil; rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth; beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things. Charity never faileth."

I Cor. 16:14-"Let all your things be done with charity."

Col. 3:14-"And above all these things put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness."

I Tim. 1:5-"Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned."

2 Tim. 2:22-"Flee also youthful lusts; but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart."

*1 Pet. 4:8-"And above all things have fervent charity among yourselves; for charity preventeth a multitude of sins."

2 Nephi: 11:107-"The Lord hath given a commandment, that all men should have charity, which charity is love."

Alma 5:41-"See that ye have faith, hope and charity, and then ye will always abound in good works."

Moroni 7:52, 53-"Wherefore, cleave unto charity, which is the greatest of all, for all things must fail; but charity is the pure love of Christ, and it endureth for ever. . . . Pray unto the Father . . . that ye may be filled with this love . . . . . that ye may become the sons of God."

D. and C. 11:4-"No one can assist in this work except he shall be humble and full of love, having faith, hope and charity, being temperate in all things whatsoever shall be entrusted to his care."

LIBERALITY, HOSPITALITY, AND MINISTERING TO THE NEEDY

Deut. 15:13, 14-"Thou shalt not let him go away empty; thou shalt furnish him liberally out of thy flock."

Prov. 11:25. "The liberal soul shall be made fat: and he that watereth shall be watered also himself."

Isa. 32:8-"But the liberal deviseth liberal things; and by liberal things shall he stand."

Matt. 25:36, 37-"For I was in hungered, and ye gave me meat; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me in; naked, and ye clothed me: I was sick, and ye visited me; I was in prison and ye came unto me" (35, 36).

*Mark 9:38-"'And whosoever shall give you a cup of water to drink, in my name, because ye belong to Christ, verily I say unto you, He shall not lose his reward. (41).

Luke 6:38-"Give, and it shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. For with the same measure that ye mete withal, it shall be measured to you again."

Luke 14 13-"But when thou makest a feast, call the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind."

2 Cor. 9:6, 7-"But this I say, He which soweth sparingly shall reap also sparingly; and he which soweth bountifully shall reap also bountifully. Every man according as he purposeth in his heart, so let him give; not grudgingly, or of necessity; for God loveth a cheerful giver."

Heb. 13:16-"But to do good and to communicate forget not; for with such sacrifices God is well pleased."

*James 2:16-"For if a brother or sister be naked and destitute, and one of you say, Depart in peace, be warmed and filled; notwithstanding he give not those things which are needful to the body; what profit is your faith unto such?" (15, 16).

I Pet. 4:9-"Use hospitality one to another without grudging."

I John 3:17-"But whoso hath this world's good, and seeth his brother have need, and shutteth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwelleth the love of God in him?"

Rom. 12:13; *I Cor. 9:11-14; I Tim. 3:2; Tit. 1:8.

Jacob 2:24-"After ye have obtained a hope in Christ, . . . . ye shall obtain riches, if ye seek them. . . . for the intent to do good; to clothe the naked, and to feed the hungry, . . . and administer relief to the sick, and the afflicted."

Mosiah 2:30, 31-"Perhaps thou shalt say, The man has brought upon himself his misery; therefore I will stay my hand. . . . But . . . whosoever doeth this, the same has great cause to repent."

Mosiah 2:43, 44-"Impart of your substance to the poor, every man according to that which he hath, such as feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, visiting the sick, and administering to their relief. . . . And see that all these things are done in wisdom and order; for it is not requisite that a man should run faster than he has strength."

Mosiah 9:60-62; Alma 1:40, 41; 2:19, 20; 16:223-225.

D. and C. 85:38-"Learn to impart one to another as the gospel requires."

D. and C. 42:8-"Remember the poor, and consecrate of thy properties for their support."

D. and C. 82:2-"And the storehouse shall be kept by the consecrations of the church, and widows and orphans shall be provided for, as also the poor."

D. and C. 44:3; 51:1, 4; 52:9; 72:3; 83:23; 101:2; 102:2.

CHILDREN

DUTIES OF PARENTS

†Gen. 6:1-"And Adam hearkened unto the voice of God, and called upon his sons to repent."

†Gen: 6:59, 61-"I have given unto you another law and commandment; wherefore teach it unto your children, That all men, everywhere, must repent, or they can in no wise inherit the kingdom of God. . . . Therefore I give unto you a commandment, to teach these things freely unto your children."

Deut. 4:10-"I Will make them hear my words, that they may learn to fear me all the days that they shall live upon the earth, and that they may teach their children."

Deut. 6:6, 7-"These words, which I command thee this day, shall be in thine heart; and thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way."

Ps. 78:5, 6-"He established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children: that the generation to come might know them, even the children which should be born; who should arise and declare them to their children."

Prov. 13:24-"He that spareth his rod hateth his son; but he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes."

Prov. 22:6-"Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it."

Prov. 29:15-"The rod and reproof give wisdom; but a child left to himself bringeth his mother to shame."

Eph. 6:4-"And ye fathers provoke not your children to wrath; but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord."

Col. 3:21.

Mosiah 2:25-27-"And ye will not suffer your children, that they go hungry, or naked; neither will ye suffer that they transgress the laws of God, and fight and quarrel one with another, and serve the devil, who is the master of sin. . . . But ye will teach them to walk in the ways of truth and soberness; ye will teach them to love one another, and to serve one another."

3 Nephi 8:52-"Pray in your families unto the Father always in my name, that your wives and your children may be blessed."

D. and C. 68:4-"And again, inasmuch as parents have children in Zion, or in any of her stakes which are organized, that teach them not to understand the doctrine of repentance; faith in Christ the Son of the living God; and of baptism and the gift of the Holy Ghost by the laying on of hands when eight years old, the sin be upon the heads of the parents; for this shall be a law unto the inhabitants of Zion, or in any of her stakes which are organized; and their children shall be baptized for the remission of their sins when eight years old, and receive the laying on of hands: and they shall also teach their children to pray and to walk uprightly before the Lord."

D. and C. 62:2-"All children have claim upon their parents for their maintenance until they are of age."

D. and C. 90:6-"I have commanded you to bring up your children in light and truth, but verily I say unto you . . . you have continued under this condemnation; for you have not taught your children . . . according to the commandments."

D. and C. 90:7-"He hath not kept the commandments concerning his children; therefore firstly set in order thy house."

D. and C. 90:8-"You have not kept the commandments, and must needs stand rebuked before the Lord. Your family must needs repent and forsake some things, and give more earnest heed to your sayings, or be removed out of their place."

CONFESSION OF SINS

Num. 5:6, 7-"When a man or woman shall commit any sin that men commit, to do a trespass against the Lord, and that person be guilty, Then they shall confess their sin which they have done: and he shall recompense his trespass with the principal thereof, and add unto it the fifth part thereof, and give it unto him against whom he hath trespassed."

James 5:16-"Confess your faults one to another, and pray for one another."

I John 1:9-"If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness."

D. and C. 42:23-"And if thy brother or sister offend thee, thou shalt take him or her between him or her and thee alone; and if he or she confess, thou shalt be reconciled. And if he or she confess not, thou shalt deliver him or her up unto the church, not to the members, but to the elders. And it shall be done in a meeting, and that not before the world. And if thy brother or sister offend many, he or she shall be chastened before many. And if anyone offend openly, he or she shall be rebuked openly, that he or she may be ashamed. And if he or she confess not, he or she shall be delivered up unto the law of God. If any shall offend in secret, he or she shall be rebuked in secret, that he or she may have opportunity to confess in secret to him or her whom he or she has offended, and to God, that the church may not speak reproachfully of him or her."

HISTORICAL NOTES

The New Testament doctrine of confession of sins taught by the church appears to have been recognized in the early centuries of the ancient church, but later was confined to auricular confession to a priest, contrary to its original observance, in private. Of the early rule, Neander states:

"Tertuilian says, 'they should pray to God for the forgiveness of their sins, make confession of their sins before the Church, and begging all their Christian brethren to pray in their behalf, should throw themselves at the feet of the presbyters, and the known friends of God.'"- Section II, page 129.

Cave's Primitive Christianity says concerning their views of confession:

"At these times also they made open confession of their faults; this being accounted the very spring of repentance, and without which they concluded it could not be real. . . . So that the satisfaction, which they reckoned they made to God, consisted in seeking to avert his displeasure, and to regain his forfeited favor, by a deep contrition and sorrow for sin, by a real acknowledgement and forsaking of their faults, and by an humble giving to God the glory both of his mercy and his justice."-Volume II, Part III, chapter V, pages 133, 134.

The primitive church early usage that those who sinned privately might confess in public, was modified in the fifth century, of which Mosheim states:

"Among the Latins, grievous offenders, who before had to confess their sins in public, were relieved from this unpleasant duty; for Leo the Great gave them liberty to confess their crimes privately to a priest selected for that purpose. In this way the ancient discipline, the sole barrier against shameful and indecent conduct, was removed; and the actions of men were subjected to the scrutiny of the clergy, which was greatly for their interest."-Century V, Part II, chapter IV Section 3

In a footnote (5) Dr. Murdock comments on this discipline of the church, and states that it applied only to private offenses, as follows:

"All public offenders, and all such as were proved guilty of gross crimes, were still liable to public censures. But the ancient practice of voluntary confession before the church, of private offenses and secret sins, had for some time gone into desuetude. Instead of such confessions before the church, in most places both of the East and the West, these voluntary confessions were made only to a priest, in private and he directed the persons to such a course as he deemed proper."

In the earlier periods, usage was not uniform everywhere at all times, but tended to become more nearly so in the course of time. Tytler remarks:

"Auricular confession, which had been abolished in the East in the fourth century, began to be in use in the West in the age of Charlemagne (742-814), and has ever since prevailed in the Romish church."-General History, Part Second, Section VI, Section 7.

Eventually official action established this as a rule, of which Hagenbach's History of Doctrines, Volume II, informs us:

"The ecclesiastical institution of auricular confession was established by the fourth Council of the Lateran (1215). . . . The practice of imposing fines instead of bodily punishments, gave rise to the sale Indulgences."-Third Period, Sixth Division, Section 198, page 111.

CONTEND FOR RIGHT

Prov. 28:4-"They that forsake the law praise the wicked; but such as keep the law contend with them."

Acts 9:29-"Paul disputed against the Grecians."

Acts 15:2-"Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them."

Acts 17:17-"Paul disputed in the synagogue and in the market daily."

Acts 19:8-12-"Paul disputed in the synagogue for three months concerning the kingdom of God."

Jude 1:3-"Ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints."

*Isaiah 49:25; Jude 1:9.

D. and C. 43:4-"Not sent to be taught, but to teach . . . ye are to be taught from on high."

D. and C. 71:2-"Confound your enemies; call upon them to meet you, both in public and in private."

D. and C. 105:3-"Contend thou, therefore, morning by morning, and day after day; let thy warning voice go forth, and when the night cometh, let not the inhabitants of the earth slumber because of thy speech."

D. and C. 129:9-"Though there may have been differences of opinion, these differences have been held in unity of purpose and desire for the good of my people, and will result in helping to bring to pass a unity of understanding."

DRESS

I Tim. 2:9, 10-"In like manner also, that women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefacedness and sobriety; not with braided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array; but with good works."

*I Pet. 3:3, 4-"Let your adorning be not that outward adorning of plaiting the hair, and wearing of gold, or putting on of apparel; but let it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price."

EDUCATION

Ps. 119:73-"Give me understanding, that I may learn thy commandments."

Prov. 2:2-"So that thou incline thine ear unto wisdom, and apply thine heart to understanding."

Prov. 4:7-"Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom; and with all thy getting get understanding."

I Thess. 5:21-"Prove all things; hold fast that which is good."

2 Tim. 2:15-"Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth."

2 Tim. 3:15-"From a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus."

2 Nephi 6: 61-"But to be learned is good, if they hearken unto the counsels of God.

Prov. 1:5; 2:3-5; 3:13-15; 4:5-7; 8:1-11; 12:1; Isa. 28:10; 2 Pet. 1:5, 6.

KNOWLEDGE, WISDOM, AND LEARNING

Job 28:28-"The fear of the Lord, that is wisdom; and to depart from evil is understanding."

Job 32:7-9-"Years should teach wisdom."

Prov. 1:7-"The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge."

Prov. 3:5, 7-"Lean not unto thine own understanding. . . . Be not wise in thine own eyes."

Prov. 9: 10-"The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom; and the knowledge of the Holy is understanding."

Acts 7: 22-"Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians."

I Cor. 3:19-"The wisdom of the world."

I Cor. 8:1-"Knowledge puffeth up, but charity edifieth."

I Cor. 12:8-"The gift of wisdom."

Eph. 1:17-"Spirit of wisdom and revelation."

James 1:5-"If any lack wisdom, let him ask of God."

James 3:17-"Wisdom from above is pure."

I Cor. 1:19, 20; Col. 2:3; 2 Tim. 3:1, 2, 7.

INSTRUCTION IN "THE DOCTRINE OF THE KINGDOM"

This notable passage deals with the study program of a people devoted to the building of the kingdom of God. Readers will observe that it summarizes briefly the educational curriculum of the church, and includes many of the fields of study offered by a modern university. It is an ideal to be held before the people of the church.

D. and C. 85:21-"I give unto you a commandment, that you shall teach one another the doctrine of the kingdom; teach ye diligently and my grace shall attend you, that you may be instructed more perfectly in theory, in principle, in doctrine, in the law of the gospel, in all things that pertain unto the kingdom of God, that is expedient for you to understand; of things both in heaven, and in earth, and under the earth; things which have been; things which are; things which must shortly come to pass things which are at home; things which are abroad; the wars and perplexities of the nations; and the judgments which are on the land; and a knowledge also of countries, and of kingdoms, that ye may be prepared in all things when I shall send you again, to magnify the calling whereunto I have called you, and the mission with which I have commissioned you."

D. and C. 85:36-"Call your solemn assembly, as I have commanded you; and as all have not faith, seek ye diligently and teach one another words of wisdom; yea, seek ye out of the best books words of wisdom, seek learning even by study, and also by faith."

D. and C. 87:5-"And study and learn, and become acquainted with all good books, and with languages, tongues, and people."

D. and C. 90:5, 6-"Intelligence, or the light of the truth, was not created or made, neither indeed can be. All truth is independent in that sphere in which God has placed it, to act for itself, as all intelligence also, otherwise there is no existence. . . . The glory of God is intelligence, or, in other words, light and truth; light and truth forsaketh that evil one."

D. and C. 90:12-"Obtain a knowledge of history, and of countries, and of kingdoms, of laws of God and man, and all this for the salvation of Zion."

D. and C. 119:2-"Study to approve their ministrations to the people by candor in speech and courtesy in demeanor, that as ministers of the gospel they may win souls unto Christ."

D. and C. 42:17; 76:2; 85:21; 94:1; 104:44.

2 Nephi 6:59, 60-"When they are learned, they think they are wise, and they hearken not unto the counsel of God, for they set it aside, supposing they know of themselves."

EXAMPLE

GOOD CONDUCT

*Matt. 5:16-"Verily, verily, I say unto you, I give unto you to be the light of the world; a city that is set on a hill cannot be hid" (14).

I Tim. 4:12-"Let no man despise thy youth; but be thou an example of the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith, in purity."

Titus 2:7-"In all things showing thyself a pattern of good works; in doctrine showing uncorruptness, gravity, sincerity."

James 5:10-"Take, my brethren, the prophets, who have spoken in the name of the Lord, for an example of suffering affliction, and of patience."

I Thess. 5:6; I Pet. 2:12.

RIGHTEOUS EXAMPLE

Jacob 2:46-"Ye have broken the hearts of your tender wives, and lost the confidence of your children, because of your bad examples before them; and the sobbings of their hearts ascend up to God against you."

Alma 12:19-"Ye shall be patient in long suffering and afflictions, that ye may shew forth good examples unto them in me."

3 Nephi 8:49-"I have set an example for you"-(Jesus).

D. and C. 119:3-"That your counsel to be temperate may be made effectual by your example."

FASTING

2 Chron. 20:3-"And Jehoshaphat feared, and set himself to seek the Lord, and proclaimed a fast throughout all Judah."

Ezra 8:21, 23-"Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river of Ahava, that we might afflict ourselves before our God, to seek of him a right way for us, and for our little ones, and for all our substance."

Isa. 58:6, 7-"Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke? Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry, and that thou bring the poor that are cast out to thy house? when thou seest the naked, that thou cover him; and that thou hide not thyself from thine own flesh?"

Jer. 36:9-"They proclaimed a fast before the Lord to all the people in Jerusalem, and to all the people that came from the cities of Judah unto Jerusalem."

Joel 1:14-"Sanctify ye a fast, call a solemn assembly, gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land into the house of the Lord your God; and cry unto the Lord."

Joel 2:12, 15-"Turn ye even to me with all your heart, and with fasting and with weeping, and with mourning. . . . Blow the trumpet in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly."

*Matt. 6:18-"But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thy head and wash thy face, that thou appear not unto men to fast, but unto thy Father who is in secret; and thy Father who seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly" (17, 18).

Omni 1:47-"Offer your whole souls as an offering unto him, and continue in fasting and praying, and endure to the end."

Alma 4:6-"The children of God were commanded that they should gather themselves together oft, and join in fasting and mighty prayer, in behalf of the welfare of the souls of those who knew not God."

4 Nephi 1:13-"Continuing in fasting and prayer, and in meeting together oft, both to pray and to hear the word of the Lord."

Alma 12:5, 14; Helaman 2:31; 3 Nephi 12:14; 3 Nephi 5:108, 109; Mosiah 11:185.

D. and C. 85:21-"Also, I give unto you a commandment, that you shall continue in prayer and fasting from this time forth."

D. and C. 85:36-"Establish . . . a house of prayer, a house of fasting, a house of faith, a house of learning, a house of glory, a house of order, a house of God."

D. and C. 59:3; 92:1, 3.

REMARKABLE INSTANCES OF FASTING

Deut. 9:9, 18-"When I was gone up into the mount to receive the tables of stone, even the tables of the covenant which the Lord made with you, . . . I fell down before the Lord, as at the first, forty days and forty nights; I did neither eat bread nor drink water, because of all your sins which ye sinned, in doing wickedly in the sight of the Lord, to provoke him to anger."

I Kings 19:7, 8-"And the angel of the Lord came again the second time, and touched him, and said, Arise and eat; because the journey is too great for thee. And he arose, and did eat and drink, and went in the strength of that meat forty days and forty nights unto Horeb the mount of God."

Dan. 10:2, 3-"I ate no pleasant bread, neither came flesh nor wine in my mouth, neither did I anoint myself at all, till three whole weeks were fulfilled."

*Matt. 4:2-"And when he had fasted forty days and forty nights, and had communed with God, he was afterwards an hungered, and was left to be tempted of the devil."

FORGIVENESS

*Matt. 6:16-"For if ye forgive men their trespasses, who trespass against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you; but if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your heavenly Father forgive you your trespasses" (14, 15).

Matt. 18:21, 22-"Then came Peter to him and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? Till seven times? Jesus said unto him, I say not unto thee, until seven times; but, until seventy times seven."

Luke 6:37-"Forgive, and ye shall be forgiven."

*Luke 17:3, 4-"Take heed to yourselves. If your brother trespass against you, rebuke him; and if he repent forgive him. And if he trespass against you seven times in a day, and seven times in a day turn to you again, saying, I repent; you shall forgive him."

Eph. 4:32-"And be ye kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, even as God for Christ's sake hath forgiven you."

Col. 3:13-"Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any; even as Christ forgave you, so also do ye."

Mosiah 11:140-"And ye shall also forgive one another your trespasses; for verily I say unto you, he that forgiveth not his neighbor's trespasses, when he says that he repents, the same hath brought himself under condemnation."

D. and C. 64:2-"My disciples, in days of old, sought occasion against one another, and forgave not one another in their hearts; and for this evil they were afflicted and sorely chastened; wherefore I say unto you, that ye ought to forgive one another, for he that forgiveth not his brother his trespasses, standeth condemned before the Lord, for there remaineth in him the greater sin. I, the Lord, will forgive whom I will forgive, but of you it is required to forgive all men; and ye ought to say in your hearts, Let God judge between me and thee, and reward thee according to thy deeds."

D. and C. 64:3; 81:1; 95:7.

RETURNING GOOD FOR EVIL

*Matt. 5:46-48-"But I say unto you, love your enemies; bless them that curse you; do good to them that hate you; and pray for them which despitefully use you and persecute you; that ye may be the children of your Father who is in heaven; for he maketh his sun to rise on the evil and on the good, and sendeth rain on the just and on the unjust. For if ye love only them which love you, what reward have you? Do not even the publicans the same?" (44-46)

Rom. 12:14, 20-"Bless them which persecute you; . . . Therefore if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if he thirst, give him drink."

D. and C. 95:5-"If men will smite you, or your families once, and ye bear it patiently and revile not against them, neither seek revenge, ye shall be rewarded; but if ye bear it not patiently, it shall be accounted unto you as being meted out a just measure unto you.

. . . If your enemy shall smite you the second time, and you revile not against your enemy, and bear it patiently, your reward shall be an hundredfold. If he shall smite you the third time, and ye bear it patiently, your reward shall be doubled unto you fourfold."

I Thess. 5:15.

1 Pet. 3:9.

GOVERNMENT

Exod. 23:6, 7-"Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of thy poor in his cause. Keep thee far from a false matter."

Deut. 1:17-"Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; but ye shall hear the small as well as the great."

Deut. 5:20-"Neither shalt thou bear false witness against thy neighbor."

Deut. 27:19-"Cursed be he that perverteth the judgment of the stranger, fatherless, and widow."

Ezra 7:26-"Whosoever will not do the law of thy God, and the law of the king, let judgment be executed speedily upon him."

Prov. 8:15, 16-"By me kings reign, and princes decree justice. By me princes rule, and nobles, even all the judges of the earth."

Prov. 29:2-"When the righteous are in authority, the people rejoice; but when the wicked beareth rule, the people mourn."

*Matt. 5:27-"Agree with thine adversary quickly, while thou art in the way with him; lest at any time thine adversary deliver thee to the judge and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and thou be cast into prison." (25).

*Matt. 5:42-"If any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have it; and if he sue thee again, let him have thy cloak also" (40).

*Luke 12:67-"Why goest thou to thine adversary for a magistrate, when thou art in the way with thine enemy? Why not give diligence that thou mayest be delivered from him, lest he hale thee to the judge, and the judge deliver thee to the officer, and the officer cast thee into prison?" (58).

*Rom. 7:1-"Know ye not, brethren, (for I speak to them that know the law,) how that the law hath dominion over a man only as long as he liveth?"

Rom. 13:3-"For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to the evil."

I Cor. 6:1, 6-8-"Dare any of you, having a matter against another, go to law before the unjust, and not before the saints? . . . But brother goeth to law with brother, and that before the unbelievers. Now therefore there is utterly a fault among you, because ye go to law one with another, Why do ye not rather take wrong? why do ye not rather suffer yourselves to be defrauded? Nay, ye do wrong, and defraud, and that your brethren."

Titus 3:l-"Put them in mind to be subject to principalities and powers, to obey magistrates."

James 2:9-"But if ye have respect to persons, ye commit sin, and are convinced of the law as transgressors."

I Pet. 2:13, 14-"Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme; or unto govenors, as unto them that are sent by him for the punishment of evil doers, and for the praise of them that do well."

*Matt. 22:17-21; *Rom 13:1-8.

D. and C. 17:1-"Organized church agreeable to the laws of our country."

D. and C. 51:1-"Financial law shall be carried out and united order made sure according to the laws of administration."

D. and C. 58:5-"Let no man break the laws of the land, for he that keepeth the laws of God hath no need to break the laws of the land; wherefore be subject to the powers that be, until He reigns whose right it is to reign."

D. and C. 95:2-"And now, verily I say unto you, concerning the laws of the land, It is my will that my people should observe to do all things whatsoever I command them, and that law of the land, which is constitutional, supporting that principle of freedom, in maintaining rights and privileges belongs to all mankind and is justifiable before me; therefore, I, the Lord, justifieth you, and your brethren of my church, in befriending that law which is the constitutional law of the land."

D. and C. 98:10-"It is my will that they should continue to importune for redress, and redemption, by the hands of those who are placed as rulers, and are in authority over you, according to the laws and constitution of the people which I have suffered to be established, and should be maintained for the rights and protection of all flesh, according to just and holy principles, . . . Therefore, it is not right that any man should be in bondage, one to another. And for this purpose have I established the constitution of this land, by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose, and redeemed the land by the shedding of blood."

D. and C. 42:21, 22; 44:2; 82:1; 90:12; 111:4; 112 (on Govt. and Laws); 122:12; 128:1, 5, 7; 131:2.

IDLENESS AND SLOTHFULNESS CONDEMNED

Prov. 6:6, 9-11-"Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise;. . . . . How long wilt thou sleep, O sluggard? when wilt thou arise out of thy sleep? Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: so shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth."

Prov. 12:24-"The hand of the diligent shall bear rule: but the slothful shall be under tribute."

Prov. 15:19-"The way of the slothful man is as an hedge of thorns; but the way of the righteous is made plain."

Prov. 19:15-"Slothfulness casteth into a deep sleep; and an idle soul shall suffer hunger."

Prov. 20:4-"The sluggard will not plow by reason of the cold; therefore, shall he beg in harvest, and have nothing."

Prov. 26:14, 16-"As the door turneth upon his hinges, so doth the slothful upon his bed. . . . The sluggard is wiser in his own conceit than several men that can render a reason."

Prov. 31:27-"She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness."

Eccles. 10:18-"By much slothfulness the building decayeth; and through idleness of the hands the house droppeth through."

*Matt. 25:26, 27-"O wicked and slothful servant. . . . thou oughtest to have put my money to the "changers, and at my coming I should have received my own with usury."

Rom. 12:1 l-"Not slothful in business; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord."

I Tim. 5:12, 13-"Having damnation, because they have cast off their first faith. And withal they learn to be idle, wandering about from house to house; and not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not."

Heb. 6:12-"That ye be not slothful, but followers of them who through faith and patience inherit the promises."

D. and C. 42:12-"Thou shalt not be idle; for he that is idle shall not eat the bread nor wear the garments of the laborer."

D. and C. 58:6-"He that is compelled in all things, the same is a slothful and not a wise servant; wherefore he receiveth no reward. . . .But he that doeth not anything until he is commanded, and receiveth a commandment with doubtful heart, and keepeth it with slothfulness, the same is damned."

D. and C. 60:3-"Thou shalt not idle away thy time; neither shalt thou bury thy talent that it may not be known."

D. and C. 68:4-"And the inhabitants of Zion, also, shall remember their labors, inasmuch as they are appointed to labor, in all faithfulness; for the idler shall be had in remembrance before the Lord."

D. and C. 75:5-"Let every man be diligent in all things. And the idler shall not have place in the church, except he repents and mends his ways."

D. and C. 85:38-"See that ye love one another; cease to be covetous; learn to impart one to another as the gospel requires; cease to be idle."

D. and C. 118:4-"If they be found transgressors, or idle servants, ye shall not uphold them. But be not hasty in withdrawing your support from them, peradventure ye shall injure my work. Even now I am not well pleased with some, but space is granted for repentance and a renewal of diligence."

SIN CONDEMNED

*Mark 7:20-"For from within, out of the hearts of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness" (21, 22).

I Cor. 6:9, 10-"Be not deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolators, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of God."

Gal. 5:19-21-"Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these, Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, variance, emulations, wrath, strife, seditions, heresies, envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like."

Eph. 5:3-"But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not be once named among you, as becometh saints."

2 Nephi 11:110, 111-"God hath commanded that men should not murder; that they should not lie; that they should not steal; that they should not take the name of the Lord their God in vain; that they should not envy; that they should not have malice; . . . Whoso doeth them shall perish, for none of these iniquities come of the Lord."

Alma 16:11; 17:62-64.

D. and C. 59:2-"Thou shalt not steal; neither commit adultery; nor kill, nor do anything like unto it.

D. and C. 42:6, 7, 21, 22.

LEADERSHIP

*Matt. 5:16-"I give unto you to be the light of the world; a city that is set on a hill cannot be hid" (14).

†Mark 9:46-"And if thine eye which seeth for thee, him that is appointed to watch over thee to show thee light, become a transgressor and affend [offend] thee, pluck him out."

Phil. 2:15-"That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world."

I Pet. 5:1-3-"Feed the flock. Oversight not by constraint but willingly. Neither as overlords, but as ensamples to the flock.

†Gen. 7:15; Exod. 13:21; Ps. 43:3; 78:52-54; Isa. 11:6; 55:4; 63:11-14; *Matt. 4:1; *10:31-35; 19:21; John 10:2-5; 21:19-22; Rom. 8:14; Gal. 5:18, 25; 2 Thess 3:7-9; I Pet. 2:21-25.

D. and C. 19:2-"Wherefore, meaning the church, thou shalt give heed unto all his words, and commandments, which he shall give unto you, as he receiveth them, walking in all holiness before me."

D. and C. 120:2-(Officers to preside in conference).

D. and C. 122:1-3-"My servants have been harsh one with another; and some have not been sufficiently willing to hear those whose duty it is to teach the revelations which my church has already received. Until my people shall hear and heed those who are set in the church to teach the revelations there will be misunderstanding and confusion among the members. The burden of the care of the church is laid on him who is called to preside over the high priesthood of the church, and on those who are called to be his counselors; and they shall teach according to the spirit of wisdom and understanding, and as they shall be directed by revelation, from time to time."

D. and C. 125:14-(Church governed by law in revelation, not by spiritual manifestations unless through greater officers).

D. and C. 126:10-(The Bishopric interpret temporal law unless liberties of people in jeopardy).

D. and C. 131:4-(Those in responsible positions and authority should be upheld).

D. and C. 132:3-(Need of confidence in the men chosen for positions of greater responsibility).

D. and C. 83:2, 4.

BEWARE OF FALSE LEADERS

Isa. 9:16-"For the leaders of this people cause them to err; and they that are led of them are destroyed.

Jer. 23:l-"Woe be unto the pastors that destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture; saith the Lord."

Ezek. 13:3-"Thus saith the Lord God; woe unto the foolish prophets, that follow their own spirit; and have seen nothing."

Matt. 15:13-"Let them alone; they be blind leaders of the blind; and if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch" (14).

Luke 6:39-"Can the blind lead the blind? Shall they not both fall into the ditch?"

Rev. 13:10-"He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity."

Jer. 17:5; Zech. 11:17.

Rom. 6:22-"Being made free from sin, and become servants to God, ye have your fruit unto holiness, and the end everlasting life."

Rom. 8:6-"To be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace."

Rom. 10:15-"How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace."

Rom. 11:16-"For if the first fruit be holy, the lump is also holy, and if the root be holy, so are the branches."

Rom. 12:18-"If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, live peaceably with all men."

Rom. 13:10-"Love worketh no ill to his neighbor; therefore love is the fulfilling of the law."

Rom. 14:17-"The kingdom of God is not meat and drink; but righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost."

Gal. 5:22-"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith."

Eph. 1:4-"He hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love."

Phil. 2:2-"Fulfill ye my joy, that ye be like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind."

Heb. 12:14-"Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord."

Jas 3:17, 18-"But the wisdom that is from above is first pure then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace of them that make peace."

I Pet. 3:8-"Finally, be ye all of one mind, having compassion one of another; love as brethren, be pitiful, be courteous."

I John 4:20, 21-"If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar; for he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?

Mosiah 11:16-"Thus did Alma teach his people, that every man should love his neighbor as himself; that there should be no contention among them."

Moroni 10:29-"Love God with all your might, mind and strength."

D and C. 85:38-"See that ye love one another. . . . Above all things, clothe yourselves with the bonds of charity, as with a mantle, which is the bond of perfectness and peace."

PERSONAL QUALITIES

HOLINESS, PEACE, AND LOVE

*Matt. 5:11-"And blessed are all the peacemakers; for they shall be called the children of God" (9).

Matt. 19:19-"Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself."

*Mark 9:50-"Have salt in yourselves, and have peace one with another."

John 13:34-"A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another."

John 15:12, 13-"This is my commandment, That ye love one another, as I have loved you. Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends."

HUMILITY

Ps. 34:2-"My soul shall make her boast in the Lord; the humble shall hear thereof, and be glad."

Prov. 22:4-"By humility and the fear of the Lord are riches, and honour, and life."

Isa. 57:15-"For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble."

Micah 6:8-"He that showeth thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the Lord require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?"

*Matt. 5:4, 5-"Yea, blessed are they who shall believe on your words, and come down into the depth of humility, and be baptized in my name; for they shall be visited with fire and the Holy Ghost, and shall receive a remission of their sins. Yea, blessed are the poor in spirit, who come unto me; for theirs is the kingdom of heaven" (3).

*Luke 14:10, 11-"But when thou art bidden, go and sit down in the lowest room; that when he who bade thee, cometh, he may say unto thee, Friend, go up higher; then shalt thou have honour of God, in the presence of them who sit at meat with thee. For whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased; and he who humbleth himself shall be exalted."

*Luke 22:26, 27-"But it ought to be so with you; but he who is greatest among you, let him be as the younger; and he who is chief, as he who doth serve. For whether is he greater, who sitteth at meat, or he who serveth? I am not as he who sitteth at meat, but I am among you as he who serveth."

Rom. 12:16-"Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Be not wise in your own conceits."

I Pet. 5:5-"Likewise, ye younger, submit yourselves unto the elder. Yea, all of you be subject one to another, and be clothed with humility; for God resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble."

Mosiah 2:16-"Believe that ye must repent of your sins and forsake them, and humble yourselves before God."

Alma 16:137-"He that truly humbleth himself and repenteth of hit sins, and endureth to the end, the same shall be blessed; yea, much more blessed than they who are compelled to be humble, because of their exceeding poverty; therefore blessed are they who humble themselves without being compelled to be humble."

D. and C. 11:4-"No one can assist in this work, except he shall be humble and full of love,"

2 Chron. 7:14; Ps. 9:12; 10:17; 34:18; 69:32; Prov. 16:19; 29:23; *Isa. 2:9; *Matt. 11:29, 30; *18:3; *23:9; *Luke 13:11; *18:14; Acts 20:19; 2 Cor. 8:9; Phil. 2:8; Col. 3:12; Jas. 4:6, 10; I Pet. 5:3, 5, 6.

MEEKNESS, PATIENCE, AND TEMPERANCE

*Matt. 5:7-"And blessed are the meek; for they shall inherit the earth" (5).

Matt. 11:30-"Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart; and ye shall find rest unto your souls" (29).

*Luke 8:15-"But that which fell on the good ground are they who receive the word in an honest and good heart, having heard the word, keepeth what they hear, and bring forth fruit with patience."

Luke 21:19-"In your patience possess ye your souls."

Rom. 2:5-7-"God who will render to every man according to his deeds; to them who by patient continuance in well doing seek for glory and honor and immortality, eternal life."

Rom. 5:3, 4-"Knowing that tribulation worketh patience; and patience, experience; and experience, hope."

*Rom. 8:25-"But if we hope for that we see not, then with patience we do wait for it."

Rom. 15:4-"For whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for our learning, that we through patience and comfort of the scriptures might have hope."

2 Cor. 6:4-"But in all things approving ourselves as the ministers of God, in much patience, in afflictions, in necessities, in distresses."

Gal. 5:22, 23-"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance, against such there is no law."

Eph. 4:2-"With all lowliness and meekness, with long-suffering, forbearing one another in love."

2 Pet. 1:5-7-"And besides this, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity."

Rom. 12:12; James 1:4, 21; 3:13; 5:7, 8; I Pet. 2:20; Rev. 13:10; 14:12.

Mosiah 1:120-"And becometh as a child, submissive, meek, humble, patient, full of love."

Alma 5:39-"Ye should be humble, and be submissive, and gentle; easy to be entreated; full of patience and long-suffering; being temperate in all things."

Alma 16:239-"Do not revile against those who do cast you out, . . . lest ye become sinners like unto them."

Ether 5:28-"I give unto men weakness, that they may be humble; and my grace is sufficient for all men who humble themselves before me; for if they humble themselves before me, and have faith in me, then will I make weak things become strong unto them."

Moroni 8:29-"The remission of sins bringeth meekness; and lowliness of heart; and because of meekness and lowliness of heart cometh the visitation of the Holy Ghost."

Mosiah 11:153, 154; Alma 1:29, 30; 10:28; 14:49-51; 17:66, 67; 18:14-16; Moroni 7:49-51.

D. and C. 4:2-"Remember faith, virtue, knowledge, temperance, patience, brotherly kindness, godliness, charity, humility, diligence."

D. and C. 30:3-"Be patient in afflictions, revile not against those that revile."

MERCY

Zech. 7:9-"Thus speaketh the Lord of hosts, saying, Execute true judgment, and show mercy and compassions every man to his brother."

*Matt. 5:9-"And blessed are the merciful; for they shall obtain mercy" (7).

Luke 6:36-"Be ye therefore merciful, as your Father also is merciful."

James 2:13-"For he shall have judgment without mercy, that hath showed no mercy."

PERFECTION SHOULD BE SOUGHT

*Matt. 5:50-"Ye are therefore commanded to be perfect, even as your Father who is in heaven is perfect" (48).

Matt. 19:21-"If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come and follow me."

*Luke 6:40-"A disciple is not above his master; but every one that is perfect shall be as his master."

2 Cor. 7:1-"Let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God."

2 Cor. 13:9, 11-"This also we wish, even your perfection. . . . Be perfect, be of good comfort, be of one mind, live in peace."

*Eph. 4:13-"Till we, in the unity of the faith, all come to the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ."

Col. 1:28-"Teaching every man in all wisdom; that we may present every man perfect in Christ Jesus."

Col. 3:14-"And above all these things put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness."

Col. 4:12-"Always laboring fervently for you in prayers, that ye may stand perfect and complete in all the will of God."

2 Tim. 3:17-"That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works."

*Heb. 6:l-"Therefore not leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection."

Heb. 10:14-"For by one offering he hath perfected forever them that are sanctified."

*James 1:4-"But let patience have its perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, wanting nothing."

James 3:2-"If any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man, and able also to bridle the whole body."

I Pet. 5:10-"But the God of all grace. . . . after that ye have suffered a while, make you perfect, stablish, strengthen, settle you."

D. and C. 85:8-"That which is governed by law, is also preserved by law, and perfected and sanctified by the same."

D. and C. 85:38-"Clothe yourselves with the bonds of charity, as with a mantle, which is the bond of perfectness and peace."

D. and C. 110:18-"For we without them can not be made perfect; neither can they without us be made perfect. Neither can they or we be made perfect without those who have died in the gospel also."

John 17:23.

PERFECTION NOT YET ATTAINED

I Cor. 13:10-"But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away."

Eph. 4:11, 12-"He gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; for the perfecting of the saints."

Phil. 3:12-"Not as though I had already attained, either were already perfect; but I follow after."

Heb. 2:10-"For it became him . . . in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings."

*Heb. 11:40-"God having provided some better things for them through their sufferings, for without sufferings they could not be made perfect."

D. and C. 110:18-"For we without them can not be made perfect; neither can they without us be made perfect. Neither can they or we be made perfect without those who have died in the gospel also."

PRAYER

I Chron. 16:11-"Seek the Lord and his strength, seek his face continually."

*Matt. 26:38-"Watch and pray ye, that ye enter not into temptation" (41)."

*Luke 18:l-"And he spake a parable unto them, saying, that men ought always to pray and not faint."

Col. 4:2-"Continuing in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving."

I Tim. 2:8-"I will therefore that men pray everywhere, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting."

Alma 16:219, 221, 222-"Humble yourselves, and continue in prayer unto him; cry unto him when ye are in your fields; yea, over all your flocks. Cry unto him in your houses, yea, over all your household, both morning, mid-day and evening; . . . But this is not all; ye must pour out your souls in your closets, and in your secret places. . . . And when you do not cry unto the Lord, let your hearts be full, drawn out in prayer unto him continually for your welfare and also for the welfare of those who are around you."

2 Nephi 14:11, 12; Enos 1:1, 5, 6, 16, 18; Alma 1:85, 86; 6:11; 3 Nephi 9:18-30; Ether 1:13, 39-41, 61-67.

D. and C. 18:4-"Thou shalt pray vocally as well as in thy heart, yea, before the world as well as in secret; in public as well as in private."

D. and C. 24:3-"My soul delighteth in the song of the heart; yea, the song of the righteous is a prayer unto me."

D. and C. 27:4-"For all things must be done in order and by common consent in the Church, by the prayer of faith."

D. and C. 30:4-"Pray always lest you enter into temptation, and lose your reward."

D. and C. 59:2-"And that thou mayest more fully keep thyself unspotted from the world, thou shalt go to the house of prayer and offer up thy sacraments upon my holy day."

D. and C. 61:6-"Pray always that you enter not into temptation, that you may abide the day of his coming."

D. and C. 68:4-"He that observeth not his prayers before the Lord in the season thereof, let him be had in remembrance before the judge of my people."

D. and C. 90:8-"Pray always, lest that wicked one have power in you and remove you out of your place."

D. and C. 100:7-"All victory and glory is brought to pass unto you through your diligence, faithfulness, and prayers of faith."

D. and C. 9:1; 21:5; 22:3; 25:1; 28:2; 46:3; 65:1; 74:2; 85:40; 90:11; 98:11.

GOD'S PROMISE TO HEAR AND ANSWER

Deut. 4:29-"But if from thence thou shalt seek the Lord thy God, thou shalt find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart and with all thy soul."

Ps. 50:14, 15-"Offer unto God thanksgiving, and pay thy vows unto the Most High; and call upon me in the day of trouble; I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me."

Isa. 65:24-"And it shall come to pass, that before they call, I will answer; and while they are yet speaking, I will hear."

*Matt. 6:7, 8-"But when ye pray, use not vain repetitions, as the hypocrites do; for they think that they shall be heard for their much speaking. Therefore be ye not like unto them; for your Father knoweth what things ye have need of, before ye ask him."

Luke 11:10, 11-"And I say unto you, Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened unto you" (9)

Prov. 3:6; 15:29; Jer. 29:12; *Matt. 18:19; John 15:7; James 1:5-8.

Helaman 2:25-"Thus we see that the gate of heaven is open unto all, even to those who will believe on the name of Jesus Christ."

CONDITIONS ANNEXED

2 Chron. 7:14-"If my people which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land."

Jer. 29:13-"And ye shall seek me, and find me, when ye shall search for me with all your heart."

*Matt. 21:20-"And all things, whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer, in faith believing, ye shall receive" (22).

*Mark 11:25-"For verily I say unto you, That whosoever shall say unto this mountain, Be thou removed, and be thou cast into the sea; and shall not doubt in his heart, but shall believe that those things which he saith shall come to pass; he shall have whatsoever he saith fulfilled" (23).

3 Nephi 8:47, 48-""Verily, verily, I say unto you, ye must watch and pray always, lest ye be tempted by the devil, and ye are led away captive by him. And as I have prayed among you, even so shall ye pray in my church, among my people who do repent and are baptized in my name."

Alma 16:223, 224-"If ye turn away the needy, and the naked, and visit not the sick and afflicted, and impart of your substance if ye have, to those who stand in need; . . . your prayer is in vain, and availeth you nothing."

Moroni 7:8-"Likewise is it counted evil unto a man, if he shall pray, and not with real intent of heart; yea, and it profiteth him nothing."

3 Nephi 5:97-107.

PURITY

Prov. 22:11-"He that loveth pureness of heart, for the grace of his lips the king shall be his friend."

*Matt. 5:l0-"And blessed are all the pure in heart; for they shall see God" (8).

Luke 6:45-"A good man out of the good treasure of his heart, bringeth forth that which is good . . . for of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaketh."

Phil. 4:8-"Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things."

I Tim. 1:5-"Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience, and of faith unfeigned."

2 Tim. 2:22-"Follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart."

James 4:8-"Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye doubleminded."

I pet. 1:22-"See that ye love one another with a pure heart fervently."

Jacob 2:50-"All ye that are pure in heart, lift up your heads and receive the pleasing word of God, and feast upon his love; for ye may, if your minds are firm for ever."

D. and C. 56:6-"Blessed are the poor, who are pure in heart, whose hearts are broken, and whose spirits are contrite, for they shall see the kingdom of God coming in power and great glory unto their deliverance."

D. and C. 94:5-"Let Zion rejoice, for this is Zion, the pure in heart."

RECONCILIATION TO GOD

Rom. 5:10-"For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life."

*2 Cor. 5:18-"And receiveth all the things of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of reconciliation."

Col. 1:20, 21-"And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to reconcile all things unto himself; . . . And you, that were sometime alienated and enemies in your mind by wicked works, yet now hath he reconciled."

Cor. 5:20; Heb. 2:17.

2 Nephi 7:41, 42-"Reconcile yourselves to the will of God, and not to the will of the devil and the flesh; and remember after ye are reconciled unto God, that it is only in and through the grace of God that ye are saved."

SACRIFICE

(See Oblation and Offering, also Bible Helps, Topical Index.)

Ps. 50:5-"Gather my saints together unto me; those that have made a covenant with me by sacrifice."

Prov. 21:3-"To do justice and judgment is more acceptable to the Lord than sacrifice."

Rom. 12:1-"I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service."

†Gen. 4:5-7; Ps. 4:5; 51:17-19; 141:2; Phil. 2: 17;1 I Pet. 2:5.

3 Nephi 4:49, 50-"Ye shall offer for a sacrifice unto me a broken heart and a contrite spirit. And whoso cometh unto me with a broken heart and a contrite spirit, him will I baptize with fire and with the Holy Ghost."

2 Nephi 1:72; Alma 16:207, 216; I Nephi 1:157; 2:39; Mosiah 1:30.

D. and C. 59:2 (Broken heart and contrite spirit).

D. and C. 65:5 (A day of sacrifice and tithing).

D. and C. 83:3 (Accept offering).

SELF-SACRIFICE AND DENIAL

*Matt. 5:31-34-"It is better that ye should deny yourselves of these things, wherein ye will take up your Cross. . . . Therefore if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out and cast it out from thee; . . . Or, if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off and cast it from thee; . . .And now this I speak, a parable concerning your sins"(29).

*Matt. 10:32-34-"He who loveth father and mother more than me, is not worthy of me; and he who loveth son or daughter more than me, is not worthy of me. And he who taketh not his cross and followeth after me, is not worthy of me. He who seeketh to save his life shall lose it; and he who loseth his life for my sake shall find it" (37-39).

*Matt. 16:25, 26-"If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross and follow me. And now for a man to take up his cross, is to deny himself all ungodliness, and every worldly lust, and keep my commandments" (24).

Matt. 19:21-"Jesus said unto him, If thou wilt be perfect, go, sell that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven, and come and follow me."

Luke 9:23-"And he said unto them all, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow Me."

Luke 14:27-"And whosoever doth not bear his cross, and come after me, can not be my disciple."

John 15:13-"Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends."

*Rom. 8:13-"For if ye live after the flesh, unto sin, ye shall die; but if ye through the Spirit do mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live unto Christ."

*Rom. 14:15, 21-"But if thy brother be grieved with thy meat, thou walkest not charitably if thou eatest. . . . It is good neither to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor anything whereby thy brother stumbleth, or is offended, or is made weak."

Rom. 15:l-"We then that are strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves."

I Cor. 8:12, 13-"But when ye sin so against the brethren, and wound their weak conscience, ye sin against Christ. Wherefore, if meat make my brother to offend, I will eat no flesh while the world standeth, lest I make my brother to offend."

*1 Cor. 10:24-"Let no man seek therefore his own, but every man another's good."

Matt. 13:47; *Mark 8:36-40; Luke 9:23; *14:26; I Cor. 9:12; Titus 2:12; I Pet. 2:11; *Rev. 12:11.

Prov. 23:2; Dan. 10:3; *Matt. 10:32-34; *16:25-27; *Rom 8:13; 14- 21; *I Cor. 8:13; Titus 2:12.

INSTANCES

Dan. 3:17, 18-"If it be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of thine hand, O king. But if not, be it known unto thee, O king, that we will not serve thy gods, nor worship the golden image which thou hast set up. '

Matt. 26:36-"And he went a little farther, and fell on his face. and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as thou wilt."

Gen. 44:32; Exod. 32:32; Judg. 11:36; 2 Sam. 23:15-17; Esther 4:16; 2 Cor. 8:9; Gal. 1:4; Titus 2:14; Philem. 18.

SANCTIFICATION

Exod. 31:13-"For it is a sign between, me and you throughout your generations; that ye may know that I am the Lord that doth sanctify you."

Joel 1:14-"Sanctify ye a fast, call a solemn assembly, gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land into the house of the Lord your God, and cry unto the Lord."

John 17:17-"Sanctify them through thy truth; thy word is truth."

Rom. 15:16-"That the offering up of the Gentiles might be acceptable, being sanctified by the Holy Ghost."

2 Thess. 2:13-"God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth."

*I Pet. 3:15-"But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts; and be ready always to give an answer with meekness and fear to every man that asketh of you a reason for the hope that is in you."

3 Nephi 12:33-"Repent, all ye ends of the earth, and come unto me and be baptized in my name, that ye may be sanctified by the reception of the Holy Ghost, that ye may stand spotless before me at the last day."

Moroni 10:30-"If ye, by the grace of God, are perfect in Christ, and deny not his power, then are ye sanctified in Christ by the grace of God, through Christ the shedding of the blood of Christ, which is in the covenant of the Father, unto the remission of your sins, that ye become holy and without spot."

D. and C. 102:9-"But firstly, let my army become very great, and let it be sanctified before me, that it may become fair as the sun and clear as the moon, and that her banners may be terrible unto all nations."

D. and C. 129:9-"Though there may have been differences of opinion, differences have been held in unity of purpose and desire for the good of thy people, and will result in helping to bring to pass a unity of understanding."

Num. 7:1; 2 Chron. 7:16; Isa. 5:16; Jer. 1:5; Ezek. 20:12; Joel 2:15, 16; John 17:19; Acts 20:32; 26:18; I Cor. 1:2, 30; I Thess. 4:3; 5:23; 2 Tim. 2:21; Heb. 2:11; *10:10, 14, 29; 13:12; 1 Pet. 1:2; *3:15; Rev. 7:14.

THE CROSS OF CHRIST

Eph. 2:16-"And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity thereby."

Heb. 12:2-"Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God."

†Gen. 7:62; *Matt. 27:34, 39, 44, 45; *Mark 15:24, 29, 34, 36; Luke 23:26; *John 19:17, 19, 25, 31; Gal. 6:14; Phil. 2:8; Col. 1:20; 2:14; I Nephi 3:87; D. and C. 36:11.

OUR CROSS

Mark 8:36-"Whosoever will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me" (34).

Mark 16:20-"Come, take up the cross, and follow me" (21).

1 Cor. 1:17, 18-"For the preaching of the cross is to them that perish, foolishness; but unto us which are saved, it is the power of God."

*Matt. 16:25, 26; Luke 9:23; 14:27; D. and C. 56:1; 105: 6.

SPEECH

GOVERNING THE TONGUE

Eph. 4:29-"Let no corrupt communication proceed out of your mouth, but that which is good to the use of edifying, that it may minister grace unto the hearers."

James 1:19-"Wherefore, my beloved brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath."

James 3:5-8-"Even so the tongue is a little member, and boasteth great things. Behold, how great a matter a little fire kindleth! And the tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity; so is the tongue among our members, that it defileth the whole body, and setteth on fire the course of nature; and it is set on fire of hell. For every kind of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents, and of things in the sea, is tamed, and hath been tamed of mankind; but the tongue can no man tame; it is an unruly evil, full of deadly poison."

James 4:11-"Speak not evil one of another, brethren."

D. and C. 42:7-"Thou shalt not speak evil of thy neighbor nor do him any harm."

D. and C. 85:38-"Cease to find fault one with another."

STEADFASTNESS

I Cor. 16:13-"Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong."

Col. 2:6, 7-"As ye have therefore received Christ Jesus the Lord, so walk ye in him; rooted and built up in him, and established in the faith, as ye have been taught, abounding therein with thanksgiving."

Heb. 10:23-"Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering; for he is faithful that promised."

*Matt. 10:19; I Cor. 15:58; Col. 1:23; 2 Thess. 2:15; Heb. 10:23; 13:9; James 1:25.

Mosiah 3:21-"I would that ye should be steadfast and immovable, always abounding in good works."

Helaman 5:97-"Many . . . are firm and steadfast in the faith, and in the things wherewith they have been made free."

TRANSGRESSION

DEALING WITH TRANSGRESSORS

*Matt. 5:24-"But I say unto you, that whosoever is angry with his brother, shall be in danger of his judgment; and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, or 'Rabcha, shall be in danger of the council; and whosoever shall say to his brother, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire" (22).

*Matt. 18:6-8.-"Woe unto the world because of offences! For it must needs be that offences come; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh! Wherefore if thy hand or foot offend thee, cut it off and cast it from thee; for it is better for thee to enter into life halt or maimed, rather than having two hands or two feet to be cast into everlasting fine. And if thine eye offend thee, pluck it out and cast it from thee; it is better for thee to enter into life with one eye, rather than having two eyes to be cast into hell fire" (7-9).

Matt. 18:15-17-"If thy brother shall trespass against thee, go and tell him his fault between thee and him alone; if he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. But if he will not hear thee, then take with thee one or two more, that in the mouth of two or three witnesscs every word may be established. And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church."

*Luke 17:3-"Take heed to yourselves. If your brother trespass against you, rebuke him; and if he repent, forgive him."

*I Cor. 5:3, 7-"For verily, as absent in body but present in spirit, I have judged already him who hath so done this deed, as though I were present. . . . Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump."

2 Thess. 3:6-"Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly."

*Luke 6:41, 42; Rom. 16:17; 2 Thess 3:10-14.

Mosiah 11:137-139-"Whosoever transgresseth against me, him shall ye judge according to the sins which he has committed; and if he confess his sins before thee and me, and repents in the sincerity of his heart, him shall ye forgive, and I will forgive him also; yea, and as often as my people repent, will I forgive them their trespasses against me."

Moroni 6:7, 8-"And they were strict to observe that there should be no iniquity among them; and whoso was found to commit iniquity, and three witnesses of the church condemn them before the elders; and if they repented not and confessed not, their names were blotted out, and they were not numbered among the people of Christ; but as oft as they repented, and sought forgiveness, with real intent, they were forgiven."

D. and C. 42:21, 22-"If any persons among you shall kill, they shall be delivered up and be delt with according to the laws of the land; for remember that he hath no forgiveness; and it shall be proven according to the laws of the land. . . . If any man or woman shall commit adultery, he or she shall be tried before two elders of the church or more, and every word shall be established against him or her by two witnesses of the church, not of the enemy; but if there are more than two witnesses it is better. . . . And the elders shall lay the case before the church, and the church shall lift up their hands against him or her, that they may be dealt with according to the law of God. If a man or woman shall rob, he or she shall be delivered up unto the law of the land. And if he or she shall steal, he or she shall be delivered up unto the law of the land. And if he or she shall lie, he or she shall be delivered up unto the law of the land. If he or she do any manner of iniquity, he or she shall be delivered up unto the law, even that of God."

TWO OR THREE WITNESSES SUFFICIENT

Deut. 17:6-"At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, shall he that is worthy of death be put to death." (Mosaic Law).

John 8:17-"It is also written in your law, that the testimony of two men is true."

2 Cor. 13:l-"In the mouth of two or three witnesses shall every word be established."

I Tim. 5:19-"Against an elder receive not an accusation, but before two or three witnesses.

Heb. 10:28-"He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses."

D. and C. 42:22-"And every word against him of her shall be established by two witnesses.

UNITY

See Priesthood, Charity, Fruits, Gifts of the Spirit, and Love.

Ps. 133:1-"Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity!"

Isa. 52:8-"For they shall see eye to eye, when the Lord shall bring again Zion."

Amos 3:3-"Can two walk together, except they be agreed?"

John 17:11, 21-23-"Holy Father, keep through thine own name those whom thou hast given me, that they may be one, as we are. . . . That they all may be one; as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be one in us; that the world may believe that thou hast sent me. And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they may be one, even as we are one; I in them, and thou in me, that they may be made perfect in one."

Acts 4:32-"And the multitude of them that believed were of one heart and of one soul; neither said any of them that aught of the things which he possessed was his own; but they had all things common."

Rom. 12:16-"Be of the same mind one toward another. Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Be not wise in your own conceits."

I Cor. 1:10-"Now I beseech you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you; but that ye be perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment."

*Eph. 4:3-5-"Endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace, in one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism."

I Pet. 3:8-"Finally, be ye all of one mind, having compassion one of another; love as brethren, be pitiful, be courteous."

Acts 2:1; Rom. 14:19; *15:5; I Cor. 12:12, 13; 2 Cor. 13:11; *Phil. 1:27; 2:2; 3:16, 17.

Mosiah 9:54-"And he commanded them that there should be no contention one with another, but that they should look forward with one eye, having one faith and one baptism; having their hearts knit together in unity and in love, one towards another."

D. and C. 129:9-"Though there may have been differences of opinion, these differences have been held in unity of purpose and desire for the good of my people, and will result in helping to bring to pass a unity of understanding."

WEAPONS AND WARFARE OF THE SAINTS

2 Cor. 10:4, 5-"For the weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strongholds; casting down imaginations, and every high thing that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God."

Eph. 6:14-17-"Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness; and your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace; above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked. And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God."

I Thess. 5:8-"But let us, who are of the day, be sober, putting on the breastplate of faith and love; and for a helmet the hope of salvation."'

I Tim. 1:18-"This charge I commit unto thee, son Timothy, according to the prophecies which went before on thee, that thou by them mightest war a good warfare."

I Tim. 6:12-"Fight the good fight of faith, lay hold on eternal life, whereunto thou art also called, and hast professed a good profession before many witnesses."

D. and C. 71:2-"There is no weapon that is formed against you shall prosper; and if any man lift his voice against you, he shall be confounded in mine own due time."

2 Tim. 2:3-"Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ."

2 Tim. 4:7-"I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith."

3 Nephi 10:25-"No weapon that is formed against thee shall prosper."

WORD OF WISDOM

STRONG DRINK AND TOBACCO CONDEMNED

Lev. 10:9-"Do not drink wine or strong drink, thou, nor thy sons with thee, when ye go into the tabernacle of the congregation, lest ye die; it shall be a statute forever throughout your generations."

Judges 13: 4-"Now therefore beware, I pray thee, and drink not wine nor strong drink."

Isa. 5:11, 22-"Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink; that continue until night, and wine inflame them!

Luke 1:15-"For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink."

I Sam. 1:15; Isa. 28:7; Dan. 1:8, 16; I Cor. 5:11; *1 Pet. 4:3.

D. and C. 86:1-"I have warned you, and forewarn you, by giving unto you this word of wisdom by revelation, that inasmuch as any man drinketh wine or strong drink among you, behold, it is not good, neither meet in the sight of your Father, . . . And again, strong drinks are not for the belly, but for the washing of your bodies. And again, tobacco is not for the body, neither for the belly, and is not good for man, but is an herb for bruises, and all sick cattle."

D. and C. 119:3-"Avoid the use of tobacco and be not addicted to strong drink in any form."

WORD OF GOD

REVERENCE AND OBEDIENCE REQUIRED

Exod. 23:21-"Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him."

Deut. 18:19-"Whosoever will not hearken unto my words which he shall speak in my name, I will require it of him."

I Sam. 15:22-"Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams."

*Matt. 7:30-"It is not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, that shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father who is in heaven" (21).

John 12:48-"He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day."

2 Cor. 2:9-"For to this end also did I write, that I might know the proof of you, whether ye be obedient in all things."

2 Cor. 10:5-"Bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ."

Heb. 5:9-"And being made perfect, he became the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him."

James 1:21, 22-"Receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls. But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving your own selves."

I Pet. 1:22, 25-"Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit. . . . But the word of the Lord endureth forever. And this is the word which by the gospel is preached unto you."

Ps. 19:7; Isa. 8:20; 55:4; *Rom. 6:17; Heb. 2:1-3; James 1:25; I Pet. 1:22.

I Nephi 4:39-"Whoso would hearken unto the word of God. . . . and hold fast unto it, would never perish."

I Nephi 4:42-"Give heed to the word of God, and remember to keep his commandments always, in all things."

Jacob 2:10-"Feasting upon the pleasing word of God."

Jacob 4:1l-"After ye have been nourished by the good word of God all the day long, will ye bring forth evil fruit?"

Moroni 6:5-"And their names were taken, that they might be remembered and nourished by the good word of God, to keep them in the right way."

ZEAL

Ps. 69:9-"The zeal of thine house hath eaten me up" (see John 2:16, 17)

Ps. 119:139-"My zeal hath consumed me, because mine enemies have forgotten thy words."

Eccles. 9:10-"Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might."

*Matt. 5:19-"Let your light so shine before this world, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven" (16).

*Luke 22:33-"And he said unto him being aggrieved, Lord, I m ready to go with you, both into prison, and unto death."

*John 2:16, 17-"Make not my Father's house a house of merchandise. And his disciples remembered that it was written, The zeal of thy house hath eaten me up."

Rom. 10:2-"I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge."

Gal. 4:18-"But it is good to be zealously affected always in a good thing."

Titus 2:14, 15-"Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works. These things speak, and exhort."

Jude 3-"It was needful for me to write unto you, and exhort you that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints."

Rev. 3:15, 16-"I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot; I would thou wert cold or hot. So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spew thee out of my mouth."

2 Cor. 7:11; 9:2; Phil. 3:6; Rev. 3:19.